PSYC1003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Suggestibility
Psychology 1003 November 21st,23rd, 25th
Forgetting
Ebbinghaus’s Forgetting Curve:
-curve unusually steep
-nonsense syllables difficult to encode semantically
-meaningful memories last longer
Measures of Forgetting
Retention: the proportion of material learned
Measures of Retention: Recall, Recognition, Relearning
Recall: i.e. short answer questions (off the top of your head)
Recognition: i.e. multiple choice questions (selects previously learned material from options)
Relearning: i.e. cumulative tests (getting to know previously learned material)
Why We Forget
Ineffective Encoding: -pseudo-forgetting (lack of attention)
-encode at superficial level
-distractions
-encoding requires attention!
Decay Theory: -ineffective storage
-memory fades over time
-decay occurs in physiological mechanisms
Interference Theory:
-Retroactive: New learning interferes with old learning
-Proactive: Old learning interferes with new learning
Retrieval Failure
Encoding Specificity: similarity of retrieval cues and memory code
Transfer-Appropriate Processing: similarity between initial processing and retrieval processing
Repression: Motivated forgetting
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