PSYC1003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Retina, Ames Room, Synesthesia
Psychology 1003 October 17th,19th,21st
Visual System: Perceiving Forms, Patterns and Objects
Reversible Figure: is a drawing that is compatible with two interpretations.
Perceptual Set: readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way.
In-attentional Blindness: failure to see fully visible objects.
Form perception: top-down processing
Formulate perceptual hypothesis about the nature of the stimulus as a whole
Select and examine features to check hypothesis
Recognize stimulus
Subjective contours: perceiving edges where they do not exist
Principles of Perception
Gestalt principles: -“The whole is greater than the sums of its parts” -phi phenomenon
Gestalt Principles
Figure and Ground: ex; vase & two faces
Proximity: close together belong together
Similarity: group stimuli that are similar
Continuity: tendency to connect points
Closure: group elements to “complete” figures
Simplicity: tendency to organize forms in the simplest way possible
Principles of Perception
Real world stimuli: distal vs. proximal stimuli
Perceptual hypothesis: perceptual sets
Context: expectation
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Perceiving Depth or Distance
Binocular: clues from both eyes together
-retinal disparity
-convergence: eyes move as an object is closer or farther away Fovea is moving at different
angles to get the optimal focus
Monocular cues: clues from a single eye
-motion parallax: images of objects moving at different rates across the retina
-accommodation: lens in the eye getting flatter or longer in order to get optimal focus
-pictorial depth cues: type of monocular depth cues that are often used when drawing or
painting
Linear perspective: two lines converging at a certain point in the distance
Texture gradient: details are clearer when you are depicting something that is close and they get less
clear (fuzzy) when farther away.
Interposition: overlapping objects to show distance
Relative Size: uses size to show distance ex: things that are close are often larger
Height in Plane: objects that are in the distance appear higher in plane of vision
Light and Shadow: help us see depth and distance
Perceptual Constancies in Vision
Perceptual constancies: stable perceptions amid changing stimuli
Optical Illusions
Optical illusions: discrepancy between visual appearance and physical reality
Muller-Lyer Illusion: Two lines exact same length; one tends to look shorter than other simply because
of the direction of the corner >----<
Ponzo Illusion:
Poggendorf Illusion:
The Ames Room: Trapezoidal room, perceptual hypothesis going on and size constancy
Impossible figures: images that would be impossible to actually exist in reality ex; steps that are
continually going up
Sense of Hearing: The Auditory System
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Reversible figure: is a drawing that is compatible with two interpretations. Perceptual set: readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way. In-attentional blindness: failure to see fully visible objects. Formulate perceptual hypothesis about the nature of the stimulus as a whole. Subjective contours: perceiving edges where they do not exist. Gestalt principles: - the whole is greater than the sums of its parts -phi phenomenon. Figure and ground: ex; vase & two faces. Simplicity: tendency to organize forms in the simplest way possible. Convergence: eyes move as an object is closer or farther away fovea is moving at different angles to get the optimal focus. Motion parallax: images of objects moving at different rates across the retina. Accommodation: lens in the eye getting flatter or longer in order to get optimal focus. Pictorial depth cues: type of monocular depth cues that are often used when drawing or painting.
