PSYC 2160 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Pituitary Gland, Posterior Pituitary, Anterior Pituitary
CH13 Sex & Hormones & the Brain
Sex & Gender
Sexual differentiation, gender identity & sexual orientation
Rethinking it: understanding the role of genetics, hormones & sexual char’s on sex
assignment & gender identity
MAMAWAWA (man are men and women are women dichotomous thinking)
The gingerbread person
Gender identity: is how you in your head think about yourself. It’s the chemistry that
composes you and how you interpret what that means [woman - genderqueer - man]
Gender expression: is how you demonstrate your gender through the ways you act,
dress, behave and interact [feminine - androgynous - masculine]
Biological sex: objectively measurable organs, hormones & chromosomes. Female =
vagina, ovaries, XX. Male = penis, testes, XY [female - intersex - male]
Sexual Orientation: who are physically, spiritually & emotionally attracted to, based on
their sex/gender in relation to your own [heterosexual - bisexual - homosexual]
Neuroendocrine System:
Glands: (2 types)
Exocrine: release chemicals into ducts, which carry them to their targets, mostly on the
surface of the body (sweat glands)
Endocrine: (ductless glands) release their chemicals, which are called hormones,
directly into the circulatory system
Hormones
Hormones (& endocrine system) - we get hormones from cholesterol
Steroid hormones: sex & stress
→ hypothalamus, pituitary; adrenal; ovaries, testes
Progestogens (estrogen, main one is estradiol)
Androgens (testosterone)
Mineralocorticoids
Sex Steroid Hormones: exert their effects in 3 ways
Binding to membrane receptors like NTs
Entering cells & activation certain kinds of proteins in the cytoplasm
Binding to chromosomes where they activate or inactivate certain genes
Regulation of Hormone Levels
Neural: all endocrine glands (except the anterior pituitary); from cerebral or autonomic
neurons
Hormonal: tropic hormones, negative feedback
Nonhormonal chemicals: glucose, Ca2+, Na+
F 13.2 Pituitary Gland
F 13.3 Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
All neural input goes to the posterior pituitary; the anterior pituitary has no neural
connections
Hormones of the Pituitary
“Master gland” tropic hormones influence the release of hormones by other glands
Posterior pituitary: hormones synthesized into hypothalamus
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Sexual differentiation, gender identity & sexual orientation. Rethinking it: understanding the role of genetics, hormones & sexual char"s on sex assignment & gender identity. Mamawawa (man are men and women are women dichotomous thinking) Gender identity: is how you in your head think about yourself. It"s the chemistry that composes you and how you interpret what that means [woman - genderqueer - man] Gender expression: is how you demonstrate your gender through the ways you act, dress, behave and interact [feminine - androgynous - masculine] Biological sex: objectively measurable organs, hormones & chromosomes. Male = penis, testes, xy [female - intersex - male] Sexual orientation: who are physically, spiritually & emotionally attracted to, based on their sex/gender in relation to your own [heterosexual - bisexual - homosexual] Exocrine: release chemicals into ducts, which carry them to their targets, mostly on the surface of the body (sweat glands)
