HLSC 2110U Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Nucleic Acid Double Helix, Deoxyribonucleoside, Phosphodiester Bond
28 Feb 2019
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Document Summary
Present in the nucleus and mitochondria in eukaryotes, as well as the chloroplasts of plants. Each chromosome in nuclei contain one long linear molecule of double stranded dna which is bound to a mix of proteins to form chromatin in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei but they have a single chromosome that may contain non- chromosomal dna called plasmids. Transmitted to daughter cell through mitosis and meiosis. Some exceptions of this though are viruses that have rna as the repository of their genetic info. Covalently linked by 3" 5" phosphodiester bonds. Exception of this is a few viruses that have single stranded dna. Found associated with various types of protein (collectively called nucleoproteins) in the nucleus. In prokaryotes, the protein and dna complex is in a non-membrane bound region known as the nucleoid. Join the 3" hydroxyl of the deoxypentose sugar of one nucleotide and the 5" hydroxyl of the deoxypentose sugar of the adjacent nucleotide through a phosphate group.
