HLSC 2462U Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Helicobacter Pylori, Peptic Ulcer, Stomach Cancer
Document Summary
Mutation: radiation or chemical substance that causes mutations. Non-genotoxic no direct interaction, increase cell risk for genetic error: encouraging the cell to grow and to resist dying. Germline (gametes = eggs/sperm) can be passed down. Egg has dna mutation, gets fertilized, genetic mutation will be present in all body cells, however, might not be an issue. If exposed to a virus that causes cancer, it does not mean that individual will end up with cancer. Retrovirus insert into human dna and infect the cell. Transmission vertical (parents) or horizontal (breastfeeding, sex, blood transfusions) Oftentimes no symptoms, but a small percentage can end up with leukemia. Communication amongst family members (especially in earlier stages) As it goes on, becomes less normal in terms of function. Later stages of cancer symptoms start to present: tissues lose differentiated enough to present symptoms (almost too late) Tumour staging (tnm): extent of spread in the body.
