PSY 4127 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Si Derived Unit, Slow-Wave Sleep, Sleep Deprivation
4 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Memory and Cognition
Sleep quality is linked to academic achievement and fluid intelligence.
- Higher math grades
- Higher GPA and IQ
- Less behavioral and/or conduct problems
- Improved ability to learn
- Better concentration and memory
Memory Consolidation: a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. Memory
consolidation moves the information from short-term to long term memory.
- As soon as acquisition of a memory occurs,
consolidation stabilization occurs.
- When we learn something new it is subject to
change, forgetting, drugs, sleep loss, other
memories, disease, etc.
- More efficient consolidation practices makes it
easier to operationalize memories.
- Memory consolidation is a function of time.
- Consolidation can integrate and optimize memories, making them easier to recall later.
Three Experimental Approaches to Understanding Sleep and Memory
Why? Sleep is necessary for memory consolidation to occur, so we can use different methods of sleep deprivation
to figure it out. Sleep deprivation will tell you nothing about mechanisms, physiology, or whatever is important for
the process of memory consolidation.
All of the following approaches are required to link memory to sleep.
i. Sleep Deprivation: After learning has occurred, the subject is prevented from sleeping. The sleep
deprivation may be total, or selective for certain kinds of sleep.
a. The individual is taught something, individuals are either subjected to a full night or sleep
deprivation. Then the individuals are re-tested on the subject. There may be different time-of-
day conditions.
b. Sleep inertia: an impaired state immediately after waking up.
c. Sleep Deprivation, Overnight Testing Paradigm: This paradigm is useful in identifying what state
of sleep is necessary for a particular type of learning, but does not tell us very much about what
happens during sleep that is important for memory. The overnight testing paradigm is similar to
the deprivation paradigm, except that the sleep or wake interval between memory test and re-
test is kept constant. Between test and re-test, an interval of either early or late sleep is allowed
to determine what time of night is necessary for memory consolidation. This paradigm is useful
to determine whether early sleep (SWS) or late sleep (REM) are important for a particular type of
learning.
ii. Sleep Recording: Learning is followed by the uninterrupted opportunity to sleep. Sleep quality and
quantity before learning and after are compared. Non-learning controls may also be observed. This
uses EEG to determine if brain activity is different apart from learning or not learning. Does sleep
waves change after learning conditions?
a. This is useful to identify which type of sleep stage is involved in learning, and to identify possible
mechanisms for memory consolidation during sleep.
b. Can be recorded in MRI, memory consolidation and differences are most evident in the temporal
lobes.
c. Compute algorithms have the ability to disseminate information and extract the sleep signals
researchers are accurately interested in. Basically it summarizes/evens out results via FFT.
d. Fast Fournier Transform: an algorithm that calculates discrete Fournier transform (DFT) of some
sequence – convert specific types of sequences into other representations.
i. Has the ability to split delta waves (slowest) and evaluate measures of power.
ii. Delta (red) and Alpha (yellow) waves are most important for memory consolidation.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Sleep quality is linked to academic achievement and fluid intelligence. Memory consolidation: a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. Memory consolidation moves the information from short-term to long term memory. As soon as acquisition of a memory occurs, consolidation stabilization occurs. When we learn something new it is subject to change, forgetting, drugs, sleep loss, other memories, disease, etc. More efficient consolidation practices makes it easier to operationalize memories. Memory consolidation is a function of time. Consolidation can integrate and optimize memories, making them easier to recall later. Three experimental approaches to understanding sleep and memory. Sleep is necessary for memory consolidation to occur, so we can use different methods of sleep deprivation to figure it out. Sleep deprivation will tell you nothing about mechanisms, physiology, or whatever is important for the process of memory consolidation. All of the following approaches are required to link memory to sleep.
