ANT202H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Pseudoautosomal Region, Molecular Anthropology, Retrotransposon
Document Summary
Focused in the study of the genetic variations in human populations: genetic relationships, demographic histories, origins. Genetically reconstructing man"s ancient migration from africa to the americas. Studying the evolution of the certain traits. Identifying ancestral origins through dna ancestry: similarities and differences between populations, for example: pigmentary traits (eye colour, skin colour, hair colour) Most abundant markers in the human genome. Alu retroelements are part of the family of sines. Some alu sequences are polymorphic in human populations: absence/presence. The insertion of an alu sequences only happens once in a particular genome location. Microsatellites are tandemly repeated short nucleotide sequences (2-13 nucleotides) Show polymorphism in the number of tandem repeats. Faster mutation rate than other markers (snps, alu inserations) The 23 chromosomes of the human haploid set can be divided into 22 autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes (x&y) Two regions can be distinguished on the y chromosome. Pseudoautosomal region: recombination occurs between x and y chromosomes.
