ANT312H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Bloomery, Iron Ore, Native Copper
14 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Week 11: metal artifacts and interpretation of archaeological data. Bronze (alloy: 90% copper 105 tin)- more durable. Made advantages in agriculture, warfare, transport, even cookery. Can be shaped into different shapes- can be molded, forged. Gold and silver can be representative of socioeconomic status. Oldest metal artifact: copper awl from israel (5200-4600 bc) Corrosion- artifacts can be disguised through this process. Can collect and by hammering, can forge objects. Put magnet close, if attracted to it it contains iron. Button, coin, timples and pins, cartridge (military) Silver c oin, lead whistle, lead shots (military) How to manufacture metal artifacts: raw material procurement, materials preparation, primary production, secondary production. Sand, clay, temper, stone collected, fuel and flux collection, mining ore and native metals. Ore= complex minerals made of metals, silicates, and other materials. Supply elements to remove gangue (silicates adhere to ores) Copper ore + fuel + flux = copper ingots. Iron ore + fuel +flux = iron bloom + slag.
