BIO152H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Classical Conditioning, Wrasse, Phenotype
Document Summary
Genes and behavior: phenotype is related to genes and environment, p = g + e (behavioural) phenotype genes environment. Identical twins: same genetic make-up, slight differences in environment lead to variation in behaviors. Why: this change is energetically costly, but the benefit is large because , in many cases, animals have alleles that make a wide range of behavior possible; what an individual actually does is based on decisions that change, depending on conditions. Learning: most behavior involves an interaction between inheritance and learning. More complex types of learning: birdsong: song-learning behavior is innate in certain species, white-crowned sparrow: singing must be learned during a certain critical period and occurs only in response to certain types of stimuli. 2. practice of song in older (~ 1-year-old) birds. Practice results in the adult song that remains unchanged. To sing correct adult song, these individuals must hear themselves sing.
