BIO201H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Dna Replication, Nitrogenous Base, Deoxyribose
Document Summary
Outline: evolutionary forces, to understand evolution, you must understand basic genetics and genetic mutations, understanding natural selection, evolution and natural selection: application to humans. Evolution: change in genetic structure over time: evolutionary forces that can significantly alter the genetic structure of a population (including humans) Understanding dna and mutations: dna: polymers of nucleotides that are each composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base, provide direction for building proteins. 4 nitrogenous bases: adenine (a), thymine (t) guanine (g), cytosine (c) Mutations: evolutionary forces that changes genetic structure, errors in dna replication, harmful, neutral, or advantageous, create new genetic information, create genetic variation (difference) Gene expression is the use of information in dna to direct the production of proteins: occurs in two stages. Genotype produces a phenotype (physical traits we see), that are the product of the proteins produced (e. g. , different coat color)
