BIO210Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Epithelium, Smooth Muscle Tissue, Muscle Tissue

32 views2 pages

blushrat11

7 Jun 2018

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

BIO210Y

Lecture 1B – Foundations of our

Body Organization

Levels of Organization

cell

smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell

contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

organ

functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues

organ system

group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

organism

living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all

physiologic functions necessary for life

tissue

group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific

function

Cellular level

Types of cells:

1. Smooth muscle cell

2. Blood cell

3. Bone cell

4. Fat cell

5. Reproductive cell

6. Nerve cells

Tissue level

find more resources at oneclass.com

Unlock document

This preview shows half of the first page of the document.
Unlock all 2 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

Document Summary

Types of cells: smooth muscle cell, blood cell, bone cell, fat cell, reproductive cell, nerve cells. After the cell, the tissue is the next level of organization in the human body. A tissue is a group of connected cells that have a similar function. There are four basic types of human tissues: epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective tissues: connective tissue is made up of cells that form the body"s structure. Examples include bone and cartilage: epithelial tissue is made up of cells that line inner and outer body surfaces, such as the skin and the lining of the digestive tract. Epithelial tissue protects the body and its internal organs, secretes substances such as hormones, and absorbs substances such as nutrients: muscle tissue is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract, or become shorter. Muscles attached to bones enable the body to move: nervous tissue is made up of neurons, or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages.

Related Questions

1. The proteins of bacteria were radioactively labeled and fed to human immune cells. The proteins within the cell became increasingly more radioactive over time. This observation is the result of the activity of:

a. mitochondria. b. lysosomes. c. the Golgi apparatus. d. peroxisomes.

2. We know that different tissues in the body contain different cells. This cellular specialization is also accompanied by organelle-specific specialization causing different organelles to be abundant in cells specialized for certain roles. Knowing what you know about the organelle function, which organelles would you predict to be over-represented in the following cell-types?

Osteoclasts involved in degradation of bone tissue. a. Mitochondria b. Lysozomes c. Smooth ER d. Rough ER

Ceruminous cells that secrete ear wax into the ear canal. a. Mitochondria b. Lysozomes c. Smooth ER d. Rough ER

Anterior pituitary glands involved in secretion of peptide hormones a. Mitochondria b. Lysozomes c. Smooth ER d. Rough ER

The water-transporting cells of xylem tissue are tracheids and vessel members?

How is the structure of tracheids similar to the structure of vessel members?

How is the structure of tracheids different from the structure of vessel members?

How is the structure of both tracheids and vessel members related to their ability to serve as efficient water-conduction cells?

Sieve tube members are the conducting cells of phloem, specialized for the transport of metabolites within a plant. In what way do sieve tube members differ from a "typical" plant cell?

How do these differences improve the ability of sieve tube members to serve as efficient metabolite-conducting cells?

What is a companion cell, and what is its function?

To what tissue system does each of the following belong - tracheids, vessel members, sieve tube members, and companion cells?

The epidermis is a primary dermal tissue and the periderm is a secondary dermal tissue. Describe the most common cell types found in each of these tissues.

Both the epidermis and the periderm need to perform the same basic functions. What are those functions?

How does the structure of the epidermis contribute to those functions?

How does the structure of the periderm contribute to those functions?

What are guard cells?

How does the structure of guard cells differ from the structure of other epidermal cells?

What is the function of guard cells?

What are trichomes? What functions might trichomes perform?

What is a lenticel?

Describe its structure and function. Describe, in detail, the arrangement of primary tissues in a dicot stem. How does the arrangement of tissues in a monocot stem compare to that of dicot stems â how is it the same, how is it different?

The cortex region and the pith region of a dicot stem typically have different functions. What is the most common function of each region?

What type of tissue is each composed of?

In what types of plants does secondary growth occur?

In what plant organs does secondary growth occur?

Describe where lateral meristems form at the start of secondary growth in a stem.

Describe how the single layer of vascular cambium can produce both secondary xylem and secondary phloem.

What is wood?

bark?

early wood vs. late wood?

What allows the different layers of growth occurring each year to be visible to the human eye?

What is the function of mesophyll tissue?

What are the two types of mesophyll tissue in a typical dicot leaf?

How do these differ from each other with respect to location within the leaf, cell arrangement,

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

BIO210Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Epithelium, Smooth Muscle Tissue, Muscle Tissue

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Concepts of Biology

Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIO210Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Microstructure

BIO210Y5 Lecture 1: BIO 210 1B

BIO210Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Bone Marrow, Trachea, Seminal Vesicle

Related Questions