BIO211H5 Lecture Notes - Ammonoidea, Durophagy, Chondrichthyes
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4.
The chordates share several features which have played asignificant role in the evolution of the phylum. Check all of thefeatures that one would use to exclusively classify members ofChordata and not members of Echinodermata.
a postanal tail during embryonicdevelopment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pharyngeal pouches during embryonicdevelopment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
an endoskeleton | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a notochord on the dorsal side ofthe gut in the early embryo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
deuterostomic development of theembryo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a hollow nerve cord 5. A number of major evolutionary innovations arose in the fishlineage. Check all of the evolutionary innovations associated withthe fishes.
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QUESTION 1
The âCambrian Explosionâ describes the relatively sudden appearance of __________ in the fossil record in the Cambrian.
Metazoans | ||
Eukaryotes | ||
Algae | ||
Cephalopods | ||
Chocolate |
0.5 points
QUESTION 2
Poriferans lack:
Extracellular matrix | ||
Organs | ||
Choanocytes | ||
Nuclei |
0.5 points
QUESTION 3
Which of the following has no terrestrial species?
Brachiopoda | ||
Nematoda | ||
Mollusca | ||
Arthropoda |
0.5 points
QUESTION 4
The metazoan phylum with the greatest diversity (i.e., number of species) today is:
Arthropoda. | ||
Annelida. | ||
Cnidaria. | ||
Mollusca. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 5
Segmentation is a feature of:
Cnidarians | ||
Platyhelminthes | ||
Nematodes | ||
Annelids |
0.5 points
QUESTION 6
A coelom is:
Fun for the whole family. | ||
A fluid-filled body cavity forming within the mesoderm. | ||
A stinging cell found in cnidarians. | ||
A characteristic of flatworms. | ||
A fluid-filled body cavity between the mesoderm and endoderm. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 7
How old is the earliest fossil evidence of life?
3.8 Ma | ||
3.8 Ga | ||
1.8 Ga | ||
543 Ma |
0.5 points
QUESTION 8
Which of the following is found only in bilaterians?
Mesoderm | ||
Choanocytes | ||
Radial symmetry | ||
Gastrulation | ||
Nougat |
0.5 points
QUESTION 9
Which of the following is not an explanation put forward for the Cambrian Explosion?
Oxygen increase | ||
Revolution in substrate use | ||
Predation | ||
Global warming |
0.5 points
QUESTION 10
Cnidarians are distinct from other animals in having:
A can-do attitude | ||
Nematocysts | ||
Chitin | ||
Collagen | ||
Bilateral symmetry |
0.5 points
QUESTION 11
Which of the following is a group within Platyhelminthes?
Insecta | ||
Velveeta | ||
Bivalvia | ||
Cestoda | ||
Hydrozoa |
0.5 points
QUESTION 12
Of Fungi, Metazoa, and Plantae, which two are thought to be more closely related to each other than they are to the third?
Metazoa and Plantae | ||
Fungi and Plantae | ||
Fungi and Metazoa |
0.5 points
QUESTION 13
The Cryogenian is a period of the Proterozoic characterized by:
Low self esteem | ||
Earliest fossils of life | ||
Cooling and glaciation | ||
Sudden appearance of fossils with hard parts | ||
Increase in oxygen |
0.5 points
QUESTION 14
Which of the following is thought not to have been abundant in the environment of the early Earth when life originated?
Oxygen | ||
Nitrogen | ||
Methane | ||
Water |
0.5 points
QUESTION 15
Of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, which two are thought to be more closely related to each other than they are to the third?
Bacteria and Eukarya | ||
Archaea and Bacteria | ||
Archaea and Eukarya |
0.5 points
QUESTION 16
The increase in oxygen that occurred around 2.3 Ga is referred to as:
The Snowball Earth | ||
The Permian Extinction | ||
The Cambrian Explosion | ||
The Great Oxidation Event | ||
Friday |
0.5 points
QUESTION 17
A lophophore is:
A feeding structure found in brachiopods and bryozoans. | ||
A reproductive structure found in annelids and molluscs. | ||
A photoautotroph. | ||
Available at Targetâ¢. | ||
Absent in all lophotrochozoans. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 18
One of the main divisions of protostomes is:
Electronica | ||
Cnidaria | ||
Eukarya | ||
Lophotrochozoa | ||
Deuterostomia |
0.5 points
QUESTION 19
If, as some studies have suggested, Ctenophora is the sister-taxon to other metazoans, this would imply that:
Poriferans are not animals. | ||
Cnidarians are not monophyletic. | ||
We are all hosed. | ||
Nervous systems evolved more than once, or were lost by Porifera. | ||
Ctenophorans are cnidarians. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 20
The chambered shells of fossil cephalopods contribute to:
Feeding. | ||
The Red Cross. | ||
Respiration. | ||
Control of buoyancy. | ||
Propulsion. |