BIO325H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Water Content, Elastic Energy, Microstructure
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Class 3 levers for birds (draw the pictures) But its not maximizing the distance advantage because the distance of the effort and load is similar. Pinnate muscle via apodeme: more powerful than orthogonal (direct) fibers (draw it all) More fibers with pinnate arrangement than parallel more forceful muscle. Unguiflexor: muscles that flex (depresses) the unguis of the insect into the substratum: explains rope apodemes. Translocate tensile stress creating effort around cornersand far way at the limb tip. Unguifer: sclerite at the end of the tarsus where the pretarsal claws articulate. Many materials are composite materials (made of a bunch of other materials) Arthropod cuticles consist of highly crystalline nanofibers embedded in a matrix of protein, polyphenols and water, with small amounts of lipids: proteins produce a matrix that interacts and stabilizes chitin. The monosaccharides are 3nm in diameter and 0. 3 um long.