CSC347H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Volcanic Winter, Volcanic Rock, Igneous Rock
Document Summary
Tsunami and volcanoes: catastrophic eruption april 5-15,1815, vei = 7 super-colossal . >100 km3 of material ejected from volcano: plume of volcanic ash >20 km high, explosion heard 2000 km away. 71,000 fatalities (12,000 from eruption: 1816: the year without a summer , volcanic winter event, agricultural disaster and resulting famine. Wave terminology: basically the same as any wave terminology, compare to seismic wave terminology, sound wave terminology, etc. Wavelength ( ) = 10s to 100s of km normal waves = 10s of meters: amplitude (a, open ocean long, low swells (1-2 m) modi ed, ampli ed by shorelines, periodicity (t, f) variable (approx. 1 hr) velocity (v) up to 1000 km/hr: time lag early warning potential, paci c ocean greatest width >17,000 km. Shoreline ampli cation of the wave: run-up height: height above reference level inundation distance: horizontal ooding, importance of shoreline con guration.
