PHY100H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Fourier Analysis, Wave Packet, Ultraviolet
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Light (radiation) has both wave and particle properties. Em fields are quantized: they carry an energy of 0, hf, 2hf, 3hf . A quantum of radiation is called a photon. Matte(cid:396) has (cid:449)a(cid:448)e a(cid:374)d pa(cid:396)ti(cid:272)le p(cid:396)ope(cid:396)ties: de b(cid:396)oglie (cid:449)a(cid:448)ele(cid:374)gth; =h/p. The quanta of matter fields are: electrons (e=mc2), protons (e=hf), neutrons, etc. An electron beam in the double-slit produces the same outcome as the double-slit experiment with light beams. Identical physical conditions lead to different outcomes (contrary to newtonian physics!). Individual electron impacts are unpredictable, but the overall statistics are predictable (there is a certain, unpredictable range where individuals electrons can land, but the accumulated pattern of impacts is predictable as an interference pattern) The future is not encoded in the present (cid:894)(cid:455)ou do(cid:374)"t k(cid:374)o(cid:449) (cid:449)hat (cid:449)ill happe(cid:374) u(cid:374)til it does(cid:895) Quantum uncertainties are magnified and observed on large scales: the lumps in the cmb map, radioactive decay.
