POL354Y5 Lecture Notes - Term Limit, Maximum Exposure, Bet Her
Document Summary
Predetermined & accepted rules that ensure free & Marginalization of parties that do not accept electoral. Inclusive rights to participate: right to vote & run. Should not be subject to severe constraints, vetoes, or. Historical legacy of soviet regime: elected bodies had little power, elected representatives predetermined, real competition covert & outside state. Institutions: opposition absent, elections used for other purposes (propaganda, Electoral events in transition: soviet union, election to all-union congress of. Peoples" deputies (december 1988: election to russian republic. Congress of peoples" deputies (june 1990: referendum on renewed federalism . President (march 1991: popular election of russian. Russian federation: referendum on reform, president & 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011: presidential elections (1996, 2000, 2004, 2007 election: all 450 seats by party list. Party lists divided into an all-federal group (top 3 candidates) and among 100 regional groups covering entire territory of rf. Parties must be registered & meet all legal criteria.
