PSY210H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Synaptic Pruning, Neural Tube, Synaptogenesis
15 Jan 2017
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Same sequence across infants w varied timing; both maturation/experience play roles. Maturational viewpoint: genetically programmed series of events unfold, same trajectory across cultures. Experiential viewpoint: practice opportunities; cross cultural research shows practice effects = earlier milestones. Huge ranges + some kids skip steps; major milestones: age at which 90% can do: Involuntary reaching = grasp reflex + pre-reaching (from birth-2m); voluntary reaching after 3m. Manipulatory skills: two handed grasp + ulnar grasp (palm + fingers but no thumb) both @4-5m and pincer grasp (forefinger + thumb, needs more motor control) @1y. Height/weight changes are v rapid in first 2y then slows; growth slows until spurt in puberty. Primary emotions = joy, disgust, surprise, sadness, anger, interest, fear all emerge from birth-6m and do not require introspection. 7-9m: fear + stranger distress + separation protest. Secondary emotions = pride, shame, guilt, embarrassment, jealousy emerge @18m + require self-awareness.
