PSY210H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Invisible Disability, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Legal Intoxicant
Lecture 3 - Growth and Health; Perceptual and Motor Development
- Focus more on perception chapter – more important
Legal drugs – smoking and alcohol
- Nicotine exposure:
o Lower birth rate
o Increase risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
o Lower iq scores, poor school performance, higher risk for dependecy problems
later in life
- Alcohol exposure:
o Heavy use in pregnancy
o Lower iq scores, poor school performance, higher risk for dependency problems
later In life
o Hard to study bc unethical but strong evidence supporting
o Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
▪ Result of heavy alcohol use during pregnancy
▪ Visual traits (small head, short nose, undeveloped chin)
o Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
▪ Not the same as FAS
▪ Symptoms range in type and severity
▪ Often no facial cues to FASD
▪ the iisile disailit – more common than people think, unplanned
pregnancies – drikig hile oure ot realizig our pregat (50%
pregnancies unplanned, 50% women drink – ¼ pregnancies could be
affected
▪ Irreversible permanent brain damage
▪ Very sensitive to bright lights, loud and sudden noises
▪ Exposure to illegal substances and nicotine
▪ Difficult to predict risk to alcohol exposure
▪ Advice is to stop drinking before conceiving
▪
Additional risk factors
- Parental age
o Fertility difficulty increased w age
o Miscarriage and chromosomal damage risks increase w age
o Older fathers contribute to poor outcomes
o Teen moms at greatest risk for complications
▪ Likelihood of getting proper medical attention and prenatal care
o Likelihood of miscarriage and chromosomal abnormality shoots after 30 years
old
- Choice of diet
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o Affected by ethnicity, SES, and education
- Age a risk for multiple births
o Use of fertility drugs
o Body releases more eggs as closer to menapause – incr in fraternal twins
o Premature births
▪ Preterm born prior to 38 weeks after conception
▪ Weight appropriate for gestational age
▪ Learning disability linked
▪ 60s – premature babies separated from mother
▪ Now – more physical contact (skin to skin contact)
• Faster weight gain, better survival rates
• Stimulation programmes like infant massage, kangaroo care
▪ Important for both parents and infants
▪ Number nd severit of problems inc as birth weight and ageat birth
decreases
▪ More learning problems if born low in birth weight
o Lower levels of achievement in reading and math than moderatelty low birth
o Teratogens – prescription drugs
▪ Thalidomine
• anti nausea drug prescribed to pregnant women in 60s
• Phocomelia – limbs are missing, feet and hands attached directly
to torso
▪ Sick kids mother risk – call hotline for advice
- Infant reflexes and states
o Involuntary response to external simulation
o Ex. flash bright light -> blink
o Cat otrol
o Permanent
▪ Eye blink
▪ Strong throughout life
o Temporary
▪ Ifats hae reflees adults dot
▪ Low tech way to gauge baby health
▪ Babinski
• Absence indicates lower spine deficits
• Disappears near end of first year
• Stroke from heel to big toe (toes fan out)
▪ Moro (startle reflect)
• Absence indicates central nervous system deficits
• Disappears around 6-7 months
• Throws arms out
▪ Palmar grasp
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 3 - growth and health; perceptual and motor development. Focus more on perception chapter more important. Increase risk of sudden infant death syndrome (sids: lower iq scores, poor school performance, higher risk for dependecy problems later in life. Irreversible permanent brain damage: very sensitive to bright lights, loud and sudden noises, exposure to illegal substances and nicotine, difficult to predict risk to alcohol exposure, advice is to stop drinking before conceiving. Choice of diet: affected by ethnicity, ses, and education. Involuntary response to external simulation: ex. flash bright light -> blink, ca(cid:374)(cid:859)t (cid:272)o(cid:374)trol, permanent, eye blink, strong throughout life, temporary. Newborn states: sleeping (70% of the time, co sleeping common in other locations but controversial in north. America: putting baby on back used to put on belly to stop choking but incr sids, crying, time spent in these states changes over the course of development. Sensation - detection of stimuli by sensory receptors.
