PSY387H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Longitudinal Study, Echoic Memory, Private Music
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& music cognition: musically trained individuals > untrained counterparts, consistent across many tests, finding is evidence even for 5 year-olds with <1 year of music lessons. & speech perception: music training is also predictive of good performance on some tests of speech perception, including perceiving speech in noise and sensitivity to intonation, musicians and musically trained individuals are particularly good listeners. & language: vocabulary: 4 to 6 year olds randomly assigned to daily, 4-week computerized program in music listening to visual art, music group had larger increase from pre- to post-test in vocabulary (not in block design) & mathematics: meta-analysis- small association= yes, causation= no, associations tend to be inconsistent- positive, weak, or non-existent, mathematicians vs. language scholars= no difference in musicianship/musicality. A meta-analysis(cid:499: small but positive overall effect size, results were strongest when the outcome measure was intelligence or memory, overall effect was negatively related to quality of the study, re: random assignment,
