SOC205H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cesare Lombroso, Penology, Psychoanalysis
Document Summary
Modern criminology is the product of two main schools of thought: the classical school originating in the 18th century (late 1700s and early 1800s, the positivist school originating in the 19th century (mid 1800s and early 1900s) All modern criminal justice systems in the world assume the classical position that persons are free agents who deserve to be punished when they transgress the law. Main difference between classical and positivist schools of criminology. Classical school- assumes everyone is a rational actor and acts upon free will. Positivist school- assumes crime is determined, individuals are determined to be criminals based upon factors outside of their control: looks at the internal factors that lead to crime. Positivistic criminologists were more concerned with discovering the biological, psychological, or social determinants of criminal behavior than with the classical concerns of legal and penal reforms.
