POL222H1 Lecture 4: 222-4
Document Summary
If this is true, negative advertisements may be good for democracy. 1 divide the participations into two groups: show negative ad to one group and positive to the other, ask if they intend to vote in upcoming election, exp. Is a research design which: the researcher controls the value of the independent variable. Addresses the concerns of reverse causality and simultaneity: the researcher randomly assigns values of the indep variable. Addresses field experiments: randomised controlled experiment, field experiment examples, validity of field experiments. Reverse causality: have to ask if there is a chance of reverse causality, even when we find a systematic relationship between x and y. Check slides: confounding variable, a confounding variable may produce an association between. X and y: to accommodate this, you must randomise controlled experiments, participants, can lead to control groups x=0 (through random assignment) or treatment group x=1. Process of producing scientific knowledge: theory, hypothesis, empirical data.
