POL222H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Histogram, Standard Deviation, Neolithic Revolution
Document Summary
Pol222 lecture 7-linear regression: when we have many continuous values, a linear regression to generalize multiple variables, methods for observational studies, matching. If x is a dichotomous (there is only two values) variable, an alternative method is a matching: borrowing terminology in experiments, we say an observation is in a treatment group if. Z=1, z=2, control =0 ,z=1, z2: share both of the same value and we make them a match. In that case, monarchy would have control of society and might be political instability to sustain regime. Reverse causality and simultaneous relationship: empirically verified relationship between x and y is associational or correlational rather than casual, confounding variables, we should include confounding variables in the analysis. Let"s (cid:272)all it x(cid:894)w(cid:895: using x(w) we can focus on the relationship between x and y, there is no relationship between w and y.
