HSTR 115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Lebensraum, Bolsheviks, Appeasement
13 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Sierra Roberts
History 115
Full History Notes
•most devastating in 130 years
•British, French, Germany —> started with German attack on Poland
•Japan started when they attacked China
•Russia —> June 22nd —> German attack on Russia (Operation Barbarossa),
purpose of Lebensraum and to destroy Bolshevism
•US —> Dec 7th, 1941 when Japan blew up Pearl Harbour
•Japan also attacked other allies
•First World War was 7 years war
•Second most lethal, 50 million casualties
•Hitler’s War
•5 Different Wars
•Anglo-French vs Germany
•N. African War (Brit. vs Italy), 1943
•New European War (Britain and Empire vs Germany and Italy)
•Barbarossa (Brit., Russia, America vs Italy, Germany)
•Pacific (America vs Japan)
•***War fought to defend and acquire territory and resources***
•Germany wanted Lebensraum (living space) out of Russia
•Space for pure, Aryan Race
•Ideological Over tones
•Russia protect communism
•Brit. and US protect liberal capitalism, rights, common law
•Italy and Germany protect fascism
•Hitler impressed by Mussolini
•Fascism-> class less society
•China —> Communist and Right Wing Nationalist (KMT)
•They fought Japan
•Japan built around emperor
•Nazis prosecute sub humans —> Jews, gypsies, Slavs
•Barralough —> pro german thinker
•Racial war
•White Americans vs Yellow Japanese
•Japan wanted to get rid of white colonists
•Racial superiority of Japanese
•China was lesser —> Sub human
•Michael Howard wrote book on Franco - Prussia War
•Different societies organized to fight
•Britain didn’t want single power
•Chamberlain balanced appeasement and rearming
•800% increase in British rearming military budget
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Nazi Foreign Policy 1933 - 1939
•Control of courts, police, media
•Goebells —> Minister of Propaganda and Enlightenment
•radio and press
•Germans accepted Nazi because of Versailles and control media so no outside
sources
•Hitler never talked abut his foreign policy until 1937
•Was worried about attack from Poland
•Hitler knew French wouldn’t come out from the Maginot Line
•Rome and SA wanted to replace army
•SA was large but not right training
•Practiced Blitzkrieg tactics
•SA vs Army to form ground forces
•Rome had enemies —> Goring and Himmler
•^^ placed false evidence that Rome plotted to overthrow Hitler
•Rome sent SA on 2 week vacation
•SS and Hitler arrested Rome on treason
•Rome was gay so also Hitler could arrest on this even though he didn’t care before
•SA leaders (2000 men) were arrested
•Night of Long Knives —> Rome and 1000 men were executed ( June 30th, 1934)
•Got rid of Hitler’s political opponents
•SA no longer politicly influential
•Hindenburg (president) dies
•Hitler has himself proclaimed Fuhrer (the leader) (August 14th 1934)
•Head of state, government and Nazi party
•By 1935/36 Germany is out of depression
•Hjalmar Schaucht - Head of Bank, controls economy
•Brings out of depression
•Makes reforms for deficit spending and pays people to build public projects e.g.)
autobahn
•Many Germans trained on forbidden weapons in Russia
•100 000 men did
•Britain knew they weren't give accurate #’s of men
•White Paper —> Britain rearming 1935
•Hitler announces rearming March 1935
•Violates TOV
•Lots of air force
•Germany believed Britain was a natural ally (genes, aryan etc)
•June 1935 Anglo -German Naval Agreement
•Germany could have 30% tonnage of British Army
•Could have the same in subs
•Didn’t want to antagonize British
•Winter 1935/36 N.Africa, Italy invaded Abyssinia
•France and Britain tried to peacefully Italy out
•Hitler remilitarized Rhineland but knew no one would stop him
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•Many believed TOV was too harsh
•Hitler wanted to destroy bolshevism
•Joachim, Robbentrop —> German ambassador to Britain
•Thinks Britain is week and wouldn’t fight
•OKW —> Hitler becomes head in 1938
•Keitel served under Hitler
•Hitler wanted Austria
•Anschluss —> Union with Austria
•Hitler met with Austrian Chancellor demanding union
•Chancellor called plebiscite
•March 12th, 2 days before plebiscite, Nazi march into overtake Austria to cheering
Austrian crowds
•No one stopped him, public opinion no one wanted war
•Sudetenland part of Czech (eastern)
•Czech are powerful
•1938 crisis
•Early sept, chamberlain flys to hitlers and talks and agrees to plebiscite
•Hitler lies and demands land
•Chamberlain goes back and prepares for war
•Sept 28th, Hitler and Mussolini, send message to Chamberlain to discuss
•Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain, Daladies (French PM, Unsure on spelling)
•Give Sudetenland to Hitler to avoid war
•^^ Munich Agreement
Adolf and Axis Foreign Powers
•1929 Oct - 10 Years = G. Depression
•Reparations Germany $80 Billion US
•2 1/2 Billion a year
•1922 Germany didn't make payment
•Raymond Poiniare (French PM) wanted German weakness
•France occupied Ruhr Valley (industrial heart) when weren't paid
•Brit. and America didn’t like this
•American became isolationist
•Dawes Committee —> reconstructed reparation plan
•French agreed with their plan
•Introduced new German currency
•Foreign experts put on German boards and councils
•Draft Treaty of Mutual Assistance, created by Britain
•^^ All disputes had to go through arbitration
•By conservatives
•Conservatives lost to Labour Party
•Labour brought in Geneva Protocol
•It only included LOV members
•America didn't like as they weren't a member
•Moscow Doctrines —> European countries couldn't make colonies in America
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