BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Thoracic Cavity, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Hyaline Cartilage
Document Summary
Basic functions of the respiratory system: supplies body with oxygen, disposes of carbon dioxide. Four processes involved in respiration: pulmonary ventilation/breathing, external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, internal respiration. Nose only visible part of the system: provides an airway for respiration, moistens and warms air, filters inhaled air, resonating chamber for speech, houses olfactory receptors, size variation due to differences in nasal cartilages. Nasal cavity: external nares nostrils, divided by the nasal septum and continuous with the nasopharynx, bony swelling or conchae on lateral walls subdivide each side of the nasal cavity into passageways called meatuses. Acts to increase the contact between the nasal mucosa and inspired air: two types of mucous membranes: Olfactory mucosa near roof of nasal cavity, houses olfactory receptors. Respiratory mucosa lines nasal cavity, epithelium is pseudostratified ciliated columnar, goblet cells are within epithelium, cilia move contaminated mucus posteriorly.