BIOL 2071 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy, Protein Folding, Extrachromosomal Dna
24 Nov 2017
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Document Summary
Microbiology: the study of small (usually microscopic) organisms and other tiny, infectious things like viruses. Logarithmic scale doesn"t show the difference in size. Cellular organisms have a plasma/cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosome (dna), ribosomes, and carry out metabolic activities. Don"t contain a true nucleus instead their dna is usually circular or they may have extra-chromosomal dna as small, circular plasmids. Can live in wide array of environments and display a range of metabolic and physiological capabilities. Some bacteria cause diseases while others don"t. Archaea haven"t been linked with human diseases. Similar domains however, they are genetically/evolutionary different as well as biochemical/molecular. Bacterial plasma/cell membranes are different composition than archaea. Instead of fatty acids, archaea have isoprene lipids and glycerol linkage differs. Different phospholipid head to the tail for glycerol linkage. Bacterial chromosomal dna doesn"t contain histone proteins while archaeal does which are similar to eukaryotic histones. Archaeal has 4 subunits while eukaryotic has 8 units.
