NURS 1730 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Infection Control, Environmental Policy, Tuberculosis
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Week Six: February 12 - 16, 2018
Introduction to Nursing II
Vascular Health: “The Pump and the Periphery” Part One
What is Cardiovascular Disease?
- Occurs from a buildup of cholesterol in arteries leading to inflammation and reduced
blood flow (angina, claudication).
- Includes:
- Heart Disease Conditions
- Stroke
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Complications of diabetes: macrovascular and microvascular diseases.
Who’s at risk in Canada
- Aboriginal peoples
- Ethnic populations: South Asians and African-Caribbeans
- Young Canadian adults in their 20’s and 30’s
- Women between the age of 35 - 45
- Aging adults
- One in five adults 50 - 64 years of age has two or more major risk factors for
heart disease
- 21.3% have diabetes
Where do “heart-healthy” Canadians Live?
- In the West!
- British-Columbia has the highest overall ranking of heart health
behaviours → way more physically active.
Ageing
- Calcification of vessel walls and stiffening of large arteries
- Systolic BP increases, shortened diastole
- Increase in thickness of the left ventricular wall
- Decreased ability to increase CO with exercise
- Increase in arrythmias and ECG changes
Risk Factors: Non-Modifiable
- Age
- Gender
- Family history
- Ethnicity
- Prior stroke or TIA
Risk Factors: Modifiable
- High blood pressure
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11-63-173
Week Six: February 12 - 16, 2018
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- High blood cholesterol
- Being overweight or obese
- Diabetes
- Daily or occasional smoking
- Atrial fibrillation (stroke)
- Stress
Factors Related to Inactivity
- Acute illness
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Mobility limitations
- Cardiac or other disease
- Psychosocial influences
Metabolic Risk Factors
- Blood cholesterol
- Triglycerides
- Lipoprotein (a)
- C reactive protein (high levels indicate inflammation; inflammatory processes contribute
to narrow vessels)
- An inflammatory marker and independent marker of heart disease risk
- Diabetes
- Type I (10% of cases)
- Type II (90% of cases); biggest contributor to heart disease
- Gestational (babies are predisposed to diabetes)
Making Sense of Blood Cholesterol
- Used to make cell membranes, vitamin D and hormones.
→ Two types:
-Low density lipoproteins (LDL)
-
-High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
-
Signs and Symptoms: Stroke/Heart Attack
- Pain or discomfort
- Shortness of breath
- Indigestion/vomiting
- Sweating, coolness or clamminess
- Fear, anxiety, denial
Signs and Symptoms: Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Sudden weakness or numbness
- Trouble speaking, understanding or confusion
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11-63-173
Week Six: February 12 - 16, 2018
- Visual alterations
- Severe and unusual headache
- Loss of balance
- Painful cramping in the hips, thighs or calves when walking, climbing stairs or exercising
- Foot or toe wounds that won't heal or heal very slowly
- A marked decrease in the temperature of lower leg or foot particularly compared to the
other leg
Assessment: Screening and Diagnosis
-Health history and physical examination
- Smoking history
- Dietary habits
- Weight patterns
- Exercise and activity
- Infections/illness
Assessment, Planning and Implementation
- All require evidence-informed decision making
Diagnosis
-Risk
-
-Problem-focused
-
-Wellness
-
Planning and Implementation
→ Planning:
-Short-term goals
-
-Long-term goals
-
Reducing the Risk: The Evidence
- Smoking cessation and avoid passive smoking
- Weight management (weight between 110% of someone's ideal weight)
- Substitute unsaturated fats for saturated and trans fat
- Exercise
- DASH diet - vegetables, fruit, low fat, diet, whole grains, poultry, fish and nuts/
- Reduce stress (2,000 calories per day)
- ? low dose aspirin therapy
- ? sodium
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Vascular health: the pump and the periphery part one. Occurs from a buildup of cholesterol in arteries leading to inflammation and reduced blood flow (angina, claudication). Complications of diabetes: macrovascular and microvascular diseases. Young canadian adults in their 20"s and 30"s. Women between the age of 35 - 45. One in five adults 50 - 64 years of age has two or more major risk factors for heart disease. British-columbia has the highest overall ranking of heart health behaviours way more physically active. Calcification of vessel walls and stiffening of large arteries. Increase in thickness of the left ventricular wall. Decreased ability to increase co with exercise. C reactive protein (high levels indicate inflammation; inflammatory processes contribute. An inflammatory marker and independent marker of heart disease risk. Type ii (90% of cases); biggest contributor to heart disease. Used to make cell membranes, vitamin d and hormones. Painful cramping in the hips, thighs or calves when walking, climbing stairs or exercising.
