PSYC 1150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Universal Design, Standard Deviation
27 Sep 2016
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Casual conclusions derived from two vital ingredients: random assignment, active manipulation of one variable at a time. Independent variable (manipulated variable: feature actively changed to create an effect. Dependent variable (effect variable: feature measured hoping for an effect. Take turns talking about campus issues: experimenter leaves building, last guy says he has seizures when he gets nervous. Group with 0 bystanders had high help % Group with 1 bystander had medium help % Experiments are conducted in a lab (artificial environment limits external validity) Good psychological research must be free of alternative explanations. Cola taste test: glass m is coke, glass q is pepsi. There are many possible biases: preference to letter in name, order in which they are consumed etc. Initial group differences: usually solved this random assignment. Subject bias: people behave differently when observed, may need to misinform (deceive) the subjects. Experimenter bias (r. rosenthal: influence the study by unintentional or intentional actions, self-fulfilling prophecy (pygmalian)
