IS-1017 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Council Of Three Fires, Jerry Fontaine, Numbered Treaties
11 Oct 2018
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TREATIES
• ANISHINAABE TREATY MAKINGAnishinaabeg peoples across
Mikinaak-minis (Turtle Island) have been entering into Treaties for
millennia. This long standing tradition eventually ended in new
relationships called odishkodeekaanan (confederacies), for example, the
Three Fires Confederacy consisting of the Ojibwe, Odaawa, and
Boodewaadamii. OBWAANDII'AG AND THE THREE FIRES
CONFEDERACYJerry Fontaine states, "The British realizing that
defeat was at hand [by Obwaandii'ag and The Three Fires Confederacy]
negotiated a number of truces that officially ended the war. Central to
this of course was the Royal Proclamation in 1763, which attempted to
address the status of traditional First Nation territory independence and
soveignity. ROYAL PROCLAMATION, 1763Prior to Pontiac's
Rebellion the British were drafting the royal proclamation. Afterwards,
the British government amended the royal proclamation to include
provisions to prevent future conflict:
• Land beyond the line is reserved for Indians
• No settlement beyond the line
• No private sale beyond the line
• Settlers beyond the border must vacate
• TREATY OF NIAGRA, 1764 Johnson presented the First Nation
leaders with the Covenant Chain Belt and the Twenty-four Nation Belt
and the British promised:
• Anishinaabeg would not become impoverished
• Anishinaabeg peoples will be provided with the necessities of life
should the Anishinaabe peoples find themselves in need, and…
• Anishinaabe lands would not be taken.
• In return, the Anishinaabe leaders provided Johnson with the Two-Row
Wampum and promised that the relationships established would be
based on peace, friendship, and respect. TREATY NUMBER 1,
1871To open up for settlement and immigration a tract of country …
and to make a Treaty and arrangements with [the Anishinaabeg] so that
there may be peace and good will between them and Her Majesty, and
that they may know and be assured of what allowances they are to
count upon and receive year by year from Her Majesty's bounty and
benevolence. TREATIES IN MANITOBA In Manitoba there
are 5 numbered treaty territories, however, there are 7 numbered
treaties territories represented in Manitoba.
• Treaty
Number
• People
• Original Date
• Location
• 1
• Anishinaabeg
• August 3, 1871
• Lower Fort
Gary
• 2
• Anishinaabeg
• August 21, 1871
• Manitoba
House
• 3
• Anishinaabeg
• October 3, 1873
• Northwest
Angle
• 4
• Anishinaabeg
andIniniwak
• September 15,
1874Septemb
er 21, 1874
• Fort
Qu'applle
Fort Ellice
• 5
• Anishinaabeg,A
nishininiwak,
Denesuline,
and
Ininiwak
• September 20,
1875Septemb
er 24,
1875Septemb
er 27, 1875
• Beren's
RiverNor
way
HouseGra
nd Rapids
• "6"
• Ininiwak
• August 23, 1876
• Fort Carlton
• "10"
• Denesuline and
Ininiwak
• September 19,
1906
• Canoe Lake
•
•
•
•
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Document Summary
Mikinaak-minis (turtle island) have been entering into treaties for millennia. This long standing tradition eventually ended in new relationships called odishkodeekaanan (confederacies), for example, the. Three fires confederacy consisting of the ojibwe, odaawa, and. Confederacy jerry fontaine states, "the british realizing that defeat was at hand [by obwaandii"ag and the three fires confederacy] negotiated a number of truces that officially ended the war. Central to this of course was the royal proclamation in 1763, which attempted to address the status of traditional first nation territory independence and soveignity. Rebellion the british were drafting the royal proclamation. Afterwards, the british government amended the royal proclamation to include provisions to prevent future conflict: Land beyond the line is reserved for indians. Settlers beyond the border must vacate: treaty of niagra, 1764 johnson presented the first nation leaders with the covenant chain belt and the twenty-four nation belt and the british promised:
