Biochemistry 2280A Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Glycogen, Phosphorylation, Glucagon

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Glucose-6-phosphate glucose-1-phosphate (glycogen synthase & upt) glycogen. Reaction is driven by energy (utp, like atp) Delta g < 0 (for synthesis and breakdown of glycogen) When we want to break down glycogen we use the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase (which is inhibited by atp) Allosteric regulation in skeletal muscles: amp signals that the cell is in need of energy (each muscle cell has its own glycogen storage) Muscle: insulin: when in need of glucose: kinase phosphorylates the glycogen synthase (making in inactive)/glycogen phosphorylase (making it active) Target the steps with negative delta g (not equilibrium), to control flux: hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (pfk) Commits the cell to metabolizing glucose as opposed to converting it to another sugar or storing it. Inhibited by atp/citrate (pyruvate is not needed because citric acid cycle is not (cid:449)orking (cid:449)ell not in need of atp) Activated by amp, adp, pi, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (means insulin is high and therefore glucose is high: pyruvate kinase.

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