Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Lyme Disease, Genome Size, Plasmid
11 Feb 2016
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Genomes: messy and made up of 1 or more chromosomes. Karyotypes show the chromosomes and copy number (ploidy) in a genome. Organisms with the same number of chromosomes, but different ploidy number different amount of genetic material, but same genome size. Double stranded dna, or ssdna and ssrna for viruses. Circular or linear, or mixture of the two. Linear have the end replication problem shortening of telomeres. Intact (1 chromosome) or fragmented (multiple chromosomes) to tail. Concatenated dna is repeated many times and arranged head. Genome would be assembled as a single circle. Luca: likely had genetic information on a single circular chromosome (monoploid) Bacteria and archaea: norm is polyploid, circular and intact with circular plasmids (extra chromosomal, replicate independently) E. coli is monoploid, intact and circular but plasmids differ. E. fishelsoni bacteria has 200,000 copies of its genome extreme.
