Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Optogenetics, Cellular Differentiation, P53
30 Apr 2018
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Class 21: DNA Technology - GMO
NO MORE GSA OR QUIZZES
Lifetime probability of Canadians drying from cancer
• Know the big four
• Hallmarks of cancer
• Mechanism of the cell cycle
• Driver mutations confer a growth advantage on cells
o Cell growth and survival
o Genome maintenance
o Cell fate
• New fertilized and then start to divide, the fate of cells know how to make
certain things but they begin to differentiate and restrict their fate
• Process of differentiation, of cells, as a result of gene expression and their
products interacting within a network
• This network is determined by a network from the past, each network
determines the next network of differentiation
Interactions of the graph is a network
• Fertilized zygote becomes a developmental path for a differentiated cell
• Red part is a potentially available cell fate
o Not normally used because they are cancer cell type
o Tumor suppressor genes creates networks that prevents nuclei falling into the
cancer cell type
o Genetic change will make the "hill" disappear and cancer cell types will be expressed
o Cancer is an alternative cell type
o Fate of cell changes
Expression of proto-oncogenes promotes cell cycling (EGFR)
• Restrict cell division
How might HPV cause cancer without causing mutations?
• HPV does not affect genome, so why does it cause cancer?
o Maybe virus can down regulate P53
o Virus affects network of gene products and they can in the cancer fate
o Brings genes (like CDK) to host cell, upset the balance
DNA Technologies
• We have ability to move genes from one to another
• Optogenetics provide control of specific neurons at specific times in behaving animals
o Can be done by messing with neurons, mess with depolarization and polarization
• Mechanism of how neurons depolarize and polarize
• Negative charges in the inside, positive charges on the outside
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