Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Cyanobacteria, Reverse Transcriptase, Photosynthesis

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30 Apr 2012

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Drake equation calculates the probability of other planets having living civilizations in our galaxy. Universe formed 15 billion years ago (big bang: galaxies formed from stars, dust and gas, earth formed 4. 6 billion years ago, oldest fossils formed 3. 5 billion years ago, eukaryotic fossils formed 2. 2 billion years ago. Cell theory: all organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit that has all the properties of life, cells arise only from the growth and division of pre-existing cells. Miller/urey experiment simulated conditions similar to ones believed to be in the early atmosphere: obtained urea, amino acids, nucleotides and formic/lactic/acetic acids. Panspermia asteroids and comets could have brought organic matter to earth. Amino acids changing to polypeptides could have occurred when dry or highly concentrated monomers are heated: condensation reactions (when components of water molecules are removed) create peptide bonds between amino acids or phosphodiester bonds form between nucleotides.

Related Questions

An African monkey has a DNA sequence that is 96.66% similar to a human sequence. According to the molecular clock, about how long ago did the common ancestor for African monkeys and humans live?

2.5â3 million years ago

5â6 million years ago

13â16 million years ago

17â20 million years ago

Humans and chimpanzees have a common ancestor that lived approximately 5 million years ago. Scientists have amassed an impressive collection of fossils for ancestors to modern humans and placed these ancestors in chronological order to observe the changes that occurred as these organisms evolved more human-like characteristics. Which lines of evidence provide the basis for stating that humans and chimps have a common ancestor that lived approximately 5 million years ago?

homologous structures in humans and chimps

DNA sequence similarity

changes in bone structure

vestigial structures in humans

Which description applies to a vestigial structure or trait?

It is the result of convergent evolution.

It represents evidence supporting the common descent and separate types models for modern organisms.

It did not have a necessary function in more ancestral organisms, but it does in more evolved organisms.

It is a type of homologous trait that is found in diverse organisms.

Which organisms are most closely related?

Bears and raccoons, which are both in the order Carnivora

Cougar and lynx, which are both in the family Felidae

Bread molds and yeast, which are both in the kingdom Fungi

Woodpeckers and warblers, which are both In the class Aves

Angiosperms and their animal pollinators have coevolved in the terrestrial environment for Select one: a. 150,000 years. b. 1.5 million years. c. nearly 15 million years. d. more than 150 million years. e. more than 1.5 billion years.

1.All living organisms alive today are assumed to have evolved from some one-celled ancestor that lived about four billion years ago and has been called the Last Universal Common Ancestor or LUCA. LUCA has been extinct for a long time but evolutionary biologists have hypothesized as to what it was like. Given the characteristics of modern prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, what cellular characteristics would you suggest that LUCA had? What type of cellular respiration might LUCA have used? Why?

2. Why is water so essential for biological life? Provide examples as to how water is used in living systems.

Biology 1202B Lecture Notes - Cyanobacteria, Reverse Transcriptase, Photosynthesis

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