Kinesiology 2276F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cardiovascular Disease, Human Services, Industrial Revolution

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24 Sep 2018

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Epidemic: anything that affects a large number of people; study of patterns of disease, risk factors and causes. Epidemiology: study of epidemics; dealing with the incidence, distribution and control of a disease in a population. Responsible for at least 16% of deaths each year, according to cdc. Two of the leading causes of disease such as cardiovascular disease, type. Reduced occupational physical activity (a lot less pa in the work place --> leads to more stress) Increased stress (more pressure at work, school, etc. than ever before) There was some trending in certain parts of the us in 1985. In 1996, there is obesity recorded in all states (most on the east coast) 15-19% in almost all states. Us department of health and human services task force. Created specific objectives for us activity by 2020. We"re getting close, and "report card isnt going to be very good when we actually get there"

Related Questions

Question 2

The DSM-IV describes an "Eating Disorder Not OtherwiseSpecified" as:

self-starvation that leads to severe nutrient deficiencies

compulsive eating disorder

a variety of atypical eating behaviors used to maintain or lowerbody weight

recurrent episodes of extreme overeating followed byself-induced vomiting

Question 3

The nutrition paradox refers to:

coexistance of underweight and obesity in the same region

too mucn vitamin A in foods rich in vitamin C

poor countries that have excessive rates of obesity

obese children from nonobese parents

Question 4

Which of the following represents a nutrition transition?

decreased reliance on carbohydrates

increased consumption of sugar

increased availibility of maize over corn

lower-fat subsistence crops

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT part of the GOBI initiative?

breast-feeding

obesity control

immunization

growth monitoring

Question 6

Which of the following is a response to the drawbacks of theGreen Revolution?

WIC

high yield varities of grains

sustainable agriculture

biotechnology

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Question 70.5 pts

Worldwide, the major cause of undernutrition is:

unequal distribution of food

diseases (like AIDS)

poor farming practices

overpopulation

Question 8

Which agency monitors all confirmed causes of food-borneillness?

EPA

FDA

CDC

USDA

Question 9

In which of the following environments does Clostridiumbotulinum flourish?

acidic

alkaline

<40 degrees F

> 140 degrees F

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of food intoxication?

Norwalk virus

Salmonella

hepatitis A

Clostridium botulinum

Question 11

All of the following describe characteristics of the femaleathlete triad EXCEPT

menstrual dysfunction

disordered eating

hypertension

osteoporosis

Question 12

Impulsive, low self-esteem, seeks attention, extroverted, anderratic describe personality traits of:

bulemia nervosa

binge-eating disorder

obesity

anorexia nervosa

Question 13

Obsessive-compulsive, perfectionism, socially inhibited,compliant, and emotionally restrained describe personality traiatsof

binge-eating disorder

anorexia nervosa

bulimia nervosa

obesity

Question 14

The Institute of Medicine recommends a minimum of ________minutes of physical activity each day for adults.

Question 15

Regular exercise reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes by all butwhich of the following?

decreases the cellular uptake of blood glucose

delays the onset of complications of type 2 diabetes

increases control of blood glucose

enhances the action of insulin

Question 16

What is meant by the overload principle?

stretching a muscle group beyond the joint's healthy range ofmotion

improving fitness by placing extra physical demand on thebody

complete depletion of the body's glycogen

subjecting the body to inappropriately high stress

Question 17

The acronym FIT stands for:

fatigue, intensity, and training.

flexibility, increase, and training.

fitness, increase, and time.

frequency, intensity, and time.

Question 18

To achieve cardiorespiratory fitness it is recommended thattraining should occur ________.

3-5 days a week

daily

more than 5 days a week

2-3 days a week

Question 19

To achieve and maintain physical fitness, exercise intensityshould be ________ of the maximal heart rate.

35-50%

15-25%

25-30%

50-80%

Question 20

In which of the following types of exercise would CP (creatinephosphate) be an important source of energy?

biking up a mountain

sprinting in the 100-meter race

running a 10-kilometer road race

playing in a football game

Question 21

Which is NOT an advantage of aerobic metabolism over anaerobicmetabolism?

Much more energy is produced for every fuel molecule.

Aerobic metabolism acts more quickly.

Harmful metabolites do not accumulate as quickly.

A greater fuel supply is available.

Question 22

An unwanted effect of an overly vigorous warm-up is:

increased muscle temperature.

glycogen depletion.

increased body temperature.

reduced stress levels.

Question 23

Each day Bill power-walks for 45 minutes. Which fuel source(s)provide(s) energy during this activity?

amino acids

glucose

fatty acids

fatty acids and glucose

Question 24

The main disadvantage of using fat as a fuel is:

the body's limited storage capability.

its low energy density.

its slow metabolic breakdown.

the limitation of anaerobic metabolism.

Question 25

Joseph plays basketball for his high school team and he isconcerned that he is not consuming enough kilocalories to supporthis activity. Which of the following would be the best indicatorthat he is not consuming adequate kilocalories?

His hemoglobin is low.

His blood glucose levels are low.

His performance has been impaired.

He is losing weight.

Question 26

Rachel is a gymnast who trains 2 hours/day on average. Shesupports her daily activity by consuming 2,500 kilocalories perday. How many kilocalories should she be consuming fromcarbohydrate sources?

1,500-1,625 kilocalories

1,125-1,300 kilocalories

1,300-1,500 kilocalories

1,625-1,750 kilocalories

Question 27

The best time to replenish glycogen stores is:

the day after exercising.

a few hours before exercising.

the day before exercising.

right after exercising.

Question 28

In which of the following events would carbohydrate loading bethe most beneficial?

cross country skiing

baseball game

weight lifting

100-yard dash

Question 29

Osteoporosis, eating disorders, dehydration, and heat illnessare all possible consequences of:

the Zone diet.

carbohydrate loading.

inadequate dietary intake.

overtraining.

Question 30

Which of the following is the most potentially harmful?

heat syncope

heatstroke

heat cramps

heat exhaustion

Question 31

Which of the following athletes would be LEAST likely to developiron deficiency anemia?

a female marathon runner

a male basketball player who is a vegan

a female gymnast

a male distance swimmer

Question 32

Amenorrhea, sometimes seen in female athletes, is:

the onset of menstruation.

osteoporosis.

the loss of the menstrual cycle.

frequent diarrhea.

Question 33

Some athletes believe that caffeine can enhance athleticperformance because it has been shown to:

increase the transport of amino acids to exercising muscle.

increase muscle flexibility and strength.

increase the use of fatty acids as a fuel source.

regenerate ATP for energy.

Question 34

Which of the following ergogenic aids has been shown to enhanceshort-term exercise and resistance training?

chromium picolinate

creatine

carnatine

ephedrine

Question 35

Consuming processed foods as opposed to whole foods decreasesthe risk of contracting a food-borne illness.

True

False

Question 36

Regular physical activity can increase HDL-cholesterol.

True

False

Question 37

Nearly 1 in 6 American adults reports getting no physicalactivity at all.

True

False

Question 38

Lactic acid is a by-product of high-intensity exercise.

True

False

Question 39

Training can enhance the ability to store glycogen.

True

False

Question 40

The primary fuel source utilized in both anaerobic and aerobicexercise is protein (amino acids).

True

False

Question 41

Studies suggest that athletes need to consume more than 2grams/kg of protein each day to maintain muscle strength.

True

False

Question 420.5 pts

Refigerating or freezing foods will kill any bacteria present inthe food.

True

False

Question 43

Most athletes do not consume enough protein to support theiradded physical activity.

True

False

Question 44

Thirst is a very reliable indicator of dehydration.

True

False

Part II 1.The California Occupational Mortality study data set was employed to assess mortality data for the years 1979-1981. A 2% sample of employed persons from the 1980 census of California was used. It contains the occupation of each person who had died. This study, like any occupation-based study, is restricted to the work life span as far as age of subjects is concerned. This study used ages 16-64 years. Certain persons, because of their source of work, were excluded as subjects: homemakers, retired persons, students, disabled, military personnel, etc. Only main-stream-type employment was used in this study to establish occupations at risk for heavy alcohol drinking. Using the Table below, answer the following:

1.What occupations are most vulnerable to acquiring cirrhosis of the liver from heavy drinking?

2.List several of the occupations identified by the research studies that are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced, cirrhosis related deaths and that have the highest mortality rates.

3. What are possible confounding variables for the research in occupations and heavy drinking that lead to fatal diseases?

4. Based on available research data, develop and construct a web of causation along with the appropriate decision trees for occupational group-related alcohol deaths.

Table. Alcohol Related Deaths in California, 1979-1981 Cirrhosis 5.5% Digestive organ cancers 5.7% Injuries 13.7% Suicide and homicide 5.% All other causes 64.9% 2. Zika and microcephaly Since May 2015,

Brazil has experienced a significant outbreak of Zika virus. In recent years, Brazilian officials reported an increase in the number of babies born with microcephaly.

1. Briefly describe what we know and what we do not know about Zika virus.

2. What has been done and what should be done to prevent Zika virus epidemic in US and world-wide?

Multiple Choice

5. Which of the following statements describes the major advantages of a randomized clinical trial? a. It avoids observer bias b. It lends itself to ethical justification c. It yields results replicable in other patients d. It rules out self-selection of participants to the different treatment groups d. It enrolls representative patients

6. A survey conducted in England revealed that of 224 families in which there had been a known case of poliomyelitis, 56 maintained parakeets as a family pet. In another British survey, 30 out of 99 poliomyelitis patients questioned kept parakeets. The inference that there is some relationship between the presence of a parakeet in a household and the occurrence of poliomyelitis among household members is a. Correct b. Incorrect because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence c. Incorrect because a proportionate ratio is used when a rate is required to support the inference d. Incorrect because a failure to recognize a possible cohort phenomenon e. Incorrect because there is no control or comparison group.

7. An investigator determines the correlation coefficient between triglyceride levels and degree of atherosclerosis in sampled blood vessels to be +1.67. On the basis of this you would conclude that: a. Triglyceride level is a good predictor of atherosclerosis b. Triglyceride level is not a good predictor of atherosclerosis c. High triglyceride levels cause atherosclerosis d. Atherosclerosis cause high triglyceride levels e. The investigator has incorrectly determined the correlation coefficient

8. A screening test of known sensitivity and specificity is applied to two populations. The prevalence of the disease being screened for is 10% in population A and is 1% in population B. Which of the following is true? a. The percent of all negative tests that have false-negative results is lower in population A than in population B. b. Specificity is lower in population A than in population B. c. Reliability is higher in population A than in population B. d. The percent of all positive tests that have false-positive results is lower in population A than in population B. e. Specificity is higher in population A than in population B.

9. Serum cholesterol levels are obtained for four healthy men. The probability that all will fall below the 10th percentile of the distribution of cholesterol for healthy males is: a. 0.4 b. 1 â (0.1)4 c. (0.1)4 d. (0.9)4 e. Cannot be determined from these data

10. In a diabetes screening program, the screening level for a positive blood sugar level in test 1 is set at 160 mg/dl, and in test 2 at 130 mg/dl. The sensitivity is: a. Greater in test 1 b. Greater in test 2 c. Equal in test 1 and 2 d. Dependent on the size of the population being evaluated

Kinesiology 2276F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cardiovascular Disease, Human Services, Industrial Revolution

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