Psychology 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 92: Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Adenosine Monophosphate, Voxel
2 Oct 2016
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Temporal Monotocity: Temporal monotonicity assumes that adding pain at the end of a painful
experience (in this case extending the painful experience) will worsen the retrospective evaluation of
the experienced pain and adding pleasure at the end will enhance the retrospective evaluation.
Posner and Snyder described an action as automatic if the action did not affect other mental
activities.
The buildup of acetaldehyde causes symptoms such as nausea, headache, flushing of the face, and
internal organ damage.
Glutamate is associated with increased cortical arousal.
Excessive sleepiness, which can be caused by a large sleep debt, is a consequence of the accumulation of
adenosine. Cells responsible for arousal are inhibited by adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
Phosphodiesterase decomposes cAMP into AMP.
Caffeine inhibits an enzyme that breaks down cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The increase in
cAMP increases glutamate production. This increase in cellular activity results in action potentials that
are briefer and released in bursts. (just remember cAMP = ON/SIGNALLING). Broken by
phospodiester to AMP (a nucleotide)
• Most perception of warmth occurs the insula. (Acronym: Warm is insulated)
The cingulate cortex may be important in the perception of annoyance.(acronym: Sad Single
Collosal)
• Spreading activation finds the shortest circuit. Asymmetry occurs because of STDP (Spike
Time Dependent Plasticity); the synapse that fires regularly is strengthened in that direction,
while the other synapse direction is weakened.
• Functional neuroimaging, one type of 'brain scanning', involves the measurement of brain
activity. The specific technique used to measure brain activity depends on the imaging
technology being used (see fMRI and PET for examples). Regardless of which technology is
used, the scanner produces a 'map' of the area being scanned that is represented asvoxels.
Each voxel typically represents the activity of a particular coordinate in three-dimensional
space. The exact size of a voxel will vary depending on the technology used, although fMRI
voxels typically represent a volume of 27 mm3 (a cube with 3mm length sides).
• Anomia is a form of aphasia identified by the inability to name everyday objects.
• Agraphia is a form of aphasia characterized by the loss of the ability to form graphemes, which causes
a loss in the ability to communicate via writing.
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