CC102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Royal Irish Constabulary, Ontario Provincial Police
Police Powers and Decision-Making
An Overview of Policing in Canada
• History of Canadian policing
o Roots traced back to early England (pre-industrial revolution)
▪ 10th century: policing/maintaining public order considered
community responsibility shared by all abled bodies
residents
▪ Crime control based on hue and cry (requirement all able
bodied men expected to at least assist with maintaining
order in community
▪ Early attempts at policing took form of organized
community groups
• Frankpledge System was early British policing system
based on hue and cry model where men as young as
15 organized into groups of 10 families called
tythings
o In each tything there was tythingman who was
charged with responsibility of keeping order
o In 1700s Henry Fielding, a justice of peace, established first
modern version of police force in England
▪ Known as Bow Street Runners, they were paid constables
equipped with batons, handcuffs, and uniforms
▪ Early attempts at organized policing proved inefficient to
deal with rising social disorder and crime that coincided
with industrial revolution
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o In early 1800s Sir Robert Peel, the Home Security of England,
established 1st full time police force
▪ Peel’s Metropolitan Police Act (1829) created full-time,
unarmed police force of 1000 men in London
• Met with early criticism
• Offiers iforall referred to as oies after “ir
Robert Peel
o Early attempts at organized policing in Canada 1st emerged in
Quebec settlements in 1600s and followed policing systems
found in France
o By mid-1800s, municipal police forces began emerging in larger
Canadian cities (like Toronto, Halifax, Hamilton, Winnipeg)
o Hudso’s Ba Copa reated o polie fore to aitai
order in areas surrounding its trading posts
o The North-West Mounted Police(NWMP) were established in
1873 with purpose of exercising control over Western Canada
▪ Distinguished from other early police forces by its
adoption of paramilitary structure (feature inherited from
Royal Irish Constabulary), an approach that would
eventually be adopted by municipal police forces Canada-
wide
o NWMP eventually re-named to the Royal Canadian Mounted
Police (RCMP)
The Structure of Policing in Canada
• Policing services provided on many levels
o Federal = Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
▪ Under Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act (federal
legislation that provides framework for operation of
RCMP)
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▪ RCMP organized into 16 divisions, 14 being operational
divisions, organized into 4 regions (Pacific, Northwest,
Central, Atlantic)
▪ All RCMP recruits train in Regina, Saskatchewan
▪ RCMP officers enforce most federal statutes (including
Criminal Code), the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act,
the Securities
▪ RCMP also provide contract policing, an arrangement
where RCMP officers provide provincial and municipal
policing services
• The RCMP provides policing services under a
contract with the Government of Canada and
municipal policing agreements with individual
municipalities
o Provincial = 3 provincial police forces in Canada – Ontario
Provincial Police (OPP), the Surete du Quebec, the Royal
Newfoundland Constabulary)
▪ Responsible for law enforcement in rural areas and areas
just outside municipalities/cities, enforcing both provincial
law and Criminal code
▪ Provincial police forces can provide contract policing for
some municipalities
o Municipal/regional = regional police force (developed through
amalgamation of several independent police departments into
single, larger police organization) and municipal police services
poliig ithi a it’s oudaries, eforig Criial Code,
provincial statutes, municipal bylaws, and some federal statutes
like Controlled Drugs and Substances Act)
▪ Advantages: provide policing services to larger area and
greater # of residents at reduced costs
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Document Summary
Robert peel: early attempts at organized policing in canada 1st emerged in. Quebec settlements in 1600s and followed policing systems found in france: by mid-1800s, municipal police forces began emerging in larger. Canadian cities (like toronto, halifax, hamilton, winnipeg: hudso(cid:374)"s ba(cid:455) co(cid:373)pa(cid:374)(cid:455) (cid:272)reated o(cid:449)(cid:374) poli(cid:272)e for(cid:272)e to (cid:373)ai(cid:374)tai(cid:374) order in areas surrounding its trading posts, the north-west mounted police(nwmp) were established in. 1873 with purpose of exercising control over western canada: distinguished from other early police forces by its adoption of paramilitary structure (feature inherited from. Royal irish constabulary), an approach that would eventually be adopted by municipal police forces canada- wide: nwmp eventually re-named to the royal canadian mounted. The structure of policing in canada: policing services provided on many levels, federal = royal canadian mounted police (rcmp, under royal canadian mounted police act (federal legislation that provides framework for operation of. 2: rcmp organized into 16 divisions, 14 being operational divisions, organized into 4 regions (pacific, northwest,
