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CH110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Ion, Institute Of Noetic Sciences, Formula Unit

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18 Nov 2020

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Daniel Santorelli

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Document Summary

Ion is a charged chemical species (we focus on monatomic ions) The number of electrons do not equal the number of protons. When the #e > #protons then we call this an anion (cl , o2 , h , s2 , n3 ) When the #e < #protons then we call this a cation (h+, na+, fe2+, he+, h3o+) Cation(s) and anion(s) come together to form a neutral compound. The net charge of the combination must equal zero. If ions form from neutral atoms there is a transfer of electrons. Na+ + cl- nacl sodium chloride, table salt. Cations and anions are bound my electrical forces in ionic compounds. = electrical charges (e. g. +1, 1) r = distance between charged particles. Each h2o is a separate unit (entity) Any one oxygen atom belongs to two hydrogen atoms (vice versa) Each na+ is surrounded by six cl and vice versa. Any one na+ does not belong to any one cl .

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Related Questions

1.
Which of the following is true of a cation?
A) it has equal numbers of protons and electrons
B) it has fewer protons than electrons
C) it has more protons than electrons
D) the relationship between protons and electrons depends on thespecific cation
2.
Which is most likely true for an atom with six valenceelectrons?
A) it will gain one electron
B) it will gain two electrons
C) it will lose one electron
D) it will lose two electrons
3.
Which is most likely true for an atom with one valenceelectron?
A) it will gain one electron
B) it will gain two electrons
C) it will lose one electron
D) it will lose two electrons
4.
Which of the following atoms is least likely to form an ion?
A) fluorine
B) magnesium
C) silicon
D) sodium
5.
For which of the following atoms do we not try to apply the octetrule?
A) oxygen
B) nickel
C) sodium
D) xenon
6.
Which of the following is likely to form an ion with the largestpositive charge?
A) potassium
B) calcium
C) aluminum
D) silicon
7.
Which of the following is likely to form an ion with the mostnegative charge?
A) aluminum
B) sulfur
C) chlorine
D) argon
8.
Which of the following ions has the same electronic configurationas neon?
A) Mg2+
B) F -
C) both (a) and (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
9.
What is the name of the species formed when a sodium atom loses anelectron?
A) sodate
B) sodide
C) sodium
D) sodium ion
10.
What is the name of the species formed when a bromine atom gains anelectron?
A) bromate
B) bromide
C) bromine
D) bromine ion
11.
Which of the following endings is generally associated with amonatomic anion?
A) ...ade
B) ...ate
C) ...ic
D) ...ide
12.
If the name of an ion ends in "ate" what type of ion is it mostlikely to be?
A) a monatomic anion
B) a monatomic cation
C) a polyatomic anion
D) a polyatomic cation
13.
The preferred name for HSO4- is hydrogen sulfate. What is thecommon name for this ion?
A) bisulfate
B) disulfate
C) bisulfide
D) disulfide
14.
Which pair of species is most likely to form an ionic bond?
A) two electrically neutral species
B) two electrically charged species, one positive and onenegative
C) two negatively charged species
D) two positively charged species
15.
Which of the following situations is most likely to result information of a covalent bond?
A) when an electrically positive species interacts with anelectrically negative species
B) when two nonmetallic elements interact to form a compound
C) when two electrically negative species interact
D) when two electrically positive species interact
16.
Which of the following statements is generally true aboutelectronegativity?
A) electronegativity decreases as we move left to right anddecreases as we move top to bottom
B) electronegativity decreases as we move left to right andincreases as we move top to bottom
C) electronegativity increases as we move left to right anddecreases as we move top to bottom
D) electronegativity increases as we move left to right andincreases as we move top to bottom
17.
For which of the following pairs are the atoms most likely to forman ionic bond with each other?
A) carbon and oxygen
B) calcium and chlorine
C) chlorine and oxygen
D) sodium and magnesium
18.
What is the formula of the compound formed by magnesium andiodine?
A) MgI
B) MgI2
C) MgI3
D) Mg2I
19.
What is the formula of the compound formed between the ammonium ionand the carbonate ion?
A) NH4CO3
B) NH4(CO3)2
C) (NH4)2CO3
D) (NH4)3CO3
20.
What is the formula of the compound formed between the magnesiumion and the acetate ion?
A) MgC2H3O2
B) Mg2C2H3O2
C) Mg(C2H3O2)2
D) Mg(C2H3O2)3
21.
What is the correct name for KI?
A) monopotassium monoiodide
B) potassium iodine
C) potassium iodide
D) potassium ion iodine ion
22.
A compound used to treat manic depressives has the formula Li2CO3.Which of the following is the correct name for this compound?
A) dilithium carbonate
B) lithium carbon trioxide
C) lithium carbonate
D) lithium carboxide
23.
Which of the following bonds is the most polar?
A) H__F
B) H__Cl
C) H__Br
D) H__I
24.
How many electrons are associated with a double bond?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
25.
How many bonds does a carbon atom typically form?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
26.
Laughing gas, sometimes called nitrous oxide, has the formula N2O.What is the proper chemical name for nitrous oxide?
A) nitrogen oxide
B) nitrogen dioxide
C) dinitrogen oxide
D) dinitrogen oxygen
27.
Which of the following is the correct formula for dinitrogenpentoxide?
A) O2N5
B) O5N2
C) N2O5
D) N5O2
28.
What is the proper chemical name for water?
A) dihydrogen oxide
B) dihydrogen oxygen
C) hydrogen oxide
D) hydrogen oxygen
29.
To use the VSEPR model to determine the geometry of a molecule weneed to know which of the following?
A) the number of atoms in the molecule
B) the number of atoms bonded to the central atom
C) the number of lone pairs around the central atom
D) both (b) and (c)
30.
What bond angle is most closely associated with a tetrahedraldistribution of electron density?
A) 90o
B) 109.5o
C) 120o
D) 180o
31.
What bond angle is most closely associated with a trigonal planardistribution of electron density?
A) 90o
B) 109.5o
C) 120o
D) 180o
32.
What bond angle is most closely associated with a lineardistribution of electron density?
A) 90o
B) 109.5o
C) 120o
D) 180o
33.
Which of the following molecules is best described as having anearly tetrahedral distribution of electron density?
A) BeCl2
B) OF2
C) SnCl2
D) none of these
34.
In which of the following molecules does the carbon atom have alinear distribution of electron density?
A) C2H2
B) C2H4
C) C2H6
D) none of these
35.
Which of the following is true for the molecule O=C=S?
A) it is nonpolar because it contains only double bonds
B) it is polar because the polarities of the O=C and C=S do notcancel
C) it is polar because it has a bent shape
D) it is nonpolar because it is linear