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EC140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Output Gap, Equilibrium Point, Fiscal Policy

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erinlion736
12 Nov 2015
School
WLU
Department
Economics
Course
EC140
Professor
Hideki Ariizumi

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Document Summary

The sas curve slopes upward: the long-run aggregate supply is the relationship between the quantity of real gdp supplied and the level when real gdp equals potential gdp, potential gdp is independent of the price level price. In the long-run, the quantity supplied is equal to: as the price level rises and the money wage by the same percentage, the quantity of real remains at potential gdp. If real gdp > potential gdp, you must hire the structurally/frictionally unemployed or make people work overtime: high demand on limited resources. It cannot be sustained without paying higher wages: wages will drift upwards and firms will start to produce less, production falls to its more sustainable level, the sas curve crosses the las curve at potential gdp. In the short-run, as the price level rises above 110: the quantity of real gdp supplied increases along the sas curve (this is a movement along, real gdp exceeds potential gdp.

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Related Questions

A. A decrease in aggregate supply can result in:

  1. a recession
  2. cost-push inflation
  3. demand-pull inflation
  4. unemployment 

B. In the short run (intermediate-range) of the aggregate supply curve, higher aggregate demand will increase

  1. the price level but reduce real GDP.
  2. real GDP without raising the price level
  3. the price level without affecting real GDP
  4. both the price level and real GDP

C. Which of the following helps explain why real GDP is inversely related to the price level within the framework of the AD-AS model?

  1. As prices fall, domestic consumers have an incentive to buy more of the cheaper goods and services
  2. As prices fall, the wealth of people holding the fixed quantity of money increases, causing them to expand their purchases of goods and services
  3. As prices fall, the government will have to reduce taxes, which will lead to an increase in the number of goods and services purchased
  4. As prices fall, the monetary authorities will have to increase the money supply, which will lead to an increase in the number of goods and services purchased

According to the interest-rate-based monetary policy transmission mechanism, an increase in the money supply generates:

a. lower interest rates, which causes an increase in planned real investment spending and an increase in aggregate demand.

b. spending on consumer goods and services directly, which causes an increase in aggregate demand.

c. an increase in nominal GDP and a change in the price level, but no change in real GDP.

d. an increase in aggregate supply since the supply of money is part of aggregate supply.

1. In the long run, when prices are perfectly flexible:

a. aggregate supply is vertical and a market economy is self-correcting.

b. a market economy cannot self-correct.

c. government will be required to set prices to maintain equilibrium.

d. changes in aggregate demand cause equilibrium real GDP to change.

 

2. An increase in household wealth when the SRAS curve is upward sloping:

a. leads to an increase in the price level but has no impact on real GDP

b. has no impact on the price level but leads to an increase in real GDP

c. leads to an increase in both the price level and real GDP

d. has no impact on the price level or real GDP

 

3. In the long run, continued increases in aggregate demand not matched by similar increases in aggregate supply will cause:

a. an increase in the full-employment level of real GDP

b. a recessionary gap

c. a decrease in the price level

d. an increase in the price level

 

4. The vertical long-run aggregate supply curve implies that:

a. changes in aggregate demand will not affect the price level

b. the short-run aggregate supply curve is also vertical

c. natural or full-employment real GDP does not depend on the price level, in the long run

d. natural or full-employment real GDP is the same as the equilibrium real GDP in the short run

 

5. A rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve illustrates:

a. economic growth

b. a recessionary gap

c. an inflationary gap

d. a decrease in natural real GDP

 

6. When the economy is in a recessionary gap

a. there is a surplus of labor

b. there is a shortage of labor

c. it is producing a real GDP level that is greater than natural real GDP

d. the unemployment rate is less than the natural unemployment rate

 

7. If the actual unemployment rate is less than the natural unemployment rate:

a. a recessionary gap exists and wages are likely to rise

b. an inflationary gap exists and wages are likely to rise

c. a recessionary gap exists and wages are likely to fall

d. an inflationary gap exists and wages are likely to fall

 

8. An economy in long-run equilibrium is producing:

a. a level of real GDP that is greater than its natural real GDP

b. where both the price level and real output are maximized

c. a level of real GDP equal to its natural real GDP

d. in the vertical range of aggregate demand.