GG101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Hail, Microburst, Lightning
Document Summary
Gg101 lecture 17 hail: hail precipitation, updrafts carry raindrops into extremely cold atmosphere o stronger updrafts = larger hailstones, the longer the hailstone stays in a cloud impacts the size. Hazards associated with thunderstorms: atmospheric turbulence, straight-line winds, plough winds", or derechos. A widespread and long lived windstorm o downbursts, strong downdtrafts: macroburst, 4. 0km wide winds of 21kmph, microburst, localized, rapid changes in windspeed and direction. Tornados: unsure to why they occur, eastern wave in the tropics, form along leeward side of migrating low pressure trough in tropics. Surface water: interception something stopping precipitation from hitting ground directly, infiltration, runoff/overland flow, percolation. Interception: stemflow, rain fall runs along branches and onto stem and into ground, canopy drip, water dripping through canopy, through fall, canopy is totally saturated, moisture build uo in canopy shadow. Actual evapotranspiration (ae) evapotranspiration: combined evaporation and transpiration, actual evapotranspiration, amount of water transferred, dependent on moisture availability, temperature and humidity.
