Aspects of socialization:
Primary socialization:
Rene Spitz study:
-did a study in an orphanage
-children have minimum human contact
-results during primary socializationthey don’t rely on others, they become distant and remote and
non-communicative
-has physical consequences
-the link b/w mind and body is a fact-ex. if people who are sick believe that they are going to get better,
very often they do get better
-reason why faith healing works
-more infection, higher death rates, slower maturation, possibility of impaired sexual functioning upon
maturity
-have profound effect on intimate human contact later in life
-primary socialization begins at birth by parents who pass on cultural knowledge
-siblings can also play a part
-Spitz-primary socialization important for emotional adjustment later in life
-if child is socially handicapped, there is usually violence at home
-therefore, they tend to use violence in adulthood as a response to violence during socialization
-children who are praised, encouraged, and complimented are more likely to be adjusted than those who are put
downdestroys self esteem
-educational theorists say you should give students an A or they will lose self-esteemself-esteem movement
-should not insulate children from failure b/c it is a fact of life
-when does primary socialization end?
-parental influence begins to decrease once children enter school (but still continues to a lesser extent)
History:
-children were expected to conform to adult norms
-child labour-work at 5, full time by 10, marriage by 16
-childhood is a new idea
-children in the past were mini-adults and expected to be capable of behaving like adults
-when that didn’t happen children were punished harshly
-modern view is differentchildren are incapable of behaving like adults
PIAGE-theory of socialization
-says children cannot behave like adults
-harsh punishment of children today is discouraged
-ideas of adolescence are also new terms
-in traditional societies when you became physically mature, you married
-b/c lifespan wasn’t long in those societies
Secondary socialization:
-child has other influences in life
-begins w/ school
-different ways of thinking are introduced
-“kiddy culture”the kids have their own culture which is very sexist therefore cannot rid the sexual stereotyping
b/c they pick up sexist attitude from kiddy culture
-its important and trumps and neutralizes the impact of parents