BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Cell Nucleus, Tight Junction, Adherens Junction
8 Oct 2017
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Bacterial vs. eukaryotic flagella: flagella of bacterial and eukaryotic cells are analogous structures (have the same function) but are not evolutionary related. Actin filaments (microfilaments): muscle contraction, actin and its associated motor protein myosin work together to create a muscle contraction, focus on skeletal muscle (muscle attached to the skeleton, smooth muscle uses similar mechanisms but does differ in regulation. Microtubule motor proteins- myosin: moves along actin towards actin plus end, slide the actin filaments, muscle contraction, requires, hydrolysis. Cell movement: actin fibres are responsible for cell crawling. Important: direction of movement and polarity of polymers: kinesin- plus direction, dynein- minus direction, myosin- plus direction. How can eukaryotic cells be larger bacterial cells: as cell diameter increases, volume increases more than surface area. How do eukaryotic cells, typically, compensate for high surface area to volume ratio: compartmentalization, large area of internal membranes (e. g. endomembrane system facilitating movement of proteins and lipids, specialized structures with specialized functions (e. g. mitochondria)
