BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Lysosome, Macrophage, Insulin
Document Summary
Surface area becomes a limiting factor for substance exchange. Volume represents the capacity of a cell to carry out chemical reactions. Eukaryotic cells are much bigger than bacteria cells. Being thin: many thin projections (dendrites and an axon in neurons) maximizes the s/v ratio. Using folds: microvilli increases surface area while minimizing volume. Eukaryotic cell: distinct nucleus surrounded by nuclear envelope. Physically separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell. Structures include: nuclear envelope/ membrane, chromatin (dna, nucleolus. Move in: protein;anything associated to the dna & rna processes. Proteins are synthesized in the outer ribosome; out of the nucleus, then the nuclear pore allow them in. Moves out: rna; synthesized in nucleus and needs to be transported out by the pores. Eukaryotic has many dependent on the species, humans have 32 chromosomes. Nucleosome- dna wraps around a histone octamer (two molecules each of histones h2a, h2b, h3, h4)
