BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Metabolic Pathway, Cell Membrane, Cytoskeleton
Document Summary
When extracellular or intracellular environment changes, it process the changes and gather information, and respond accordingly. One reason why multi-cellularity was so slow to evolve may have been related to the difficulty of developing the elaborate cell communication mechanisms that a multicellular organism needs. These communication mechanisms depend heavily on the extracellular signal molecules, which are produced by cells to signal their neighbours or to cells further away, by relying on an elaborated protein-receptor signaling system. These protein systems include cell-surface-receptor proteins, variety of intracellular. Signalling proteins-and target proteins depending on the signal"s effect, these proteins can be gene regulatory proteins-components of a metabolic pathway or cytoskeleton etc. Traditionally, the study of cell signalling focus on the understanding of mechanisms (in eukaryotic - animals) which cells communicate with each other"s using extracellular signal molecules (such as hormones and growth factors).
