BIOL 2021 Lecture 3: Chapter 12
Document Summary
Membranes enclosed the anaerobic archaeon chromosomes to protect them. An aerobic bacterium is phagocytosed but not digested. Multiple mitochondria develop in the eukaryotic cell, which provides the energy for the larger cell. (they don"t know about the origin of bacterial mitochondria but our mitochondria contain all the same genetic information) The majority of cellular proteins are synthesized by the ribosome in the cytosol. Only a few proteins are made in the mitochondria. The synthesized proteins are then transported to other organelles (nucleus, er, mitochondria, lysosome, peroxisomes, plastids) or secreted to the extracellular space. This transport is specific and dependent on specific amino acid sequences in the protein. These amino acids signals are called sorting signals. Proteins that lack the sorting signal remain in the cytosol (cytosolic proteins). The intracellular compartments are said to be topologically equivalent. Topologically equivalent spaces allow movement of molecules from one compartment to another topological equivalent space by vesicles.
