ENVS 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Internet Protocol Suite
10 May 2018
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ENVS 1000 Lecture 19 Notes – TCP/IP, OSI, and other communication models
Introduction
• The agent at Freevania removes the package from the Freedonia train and places it on
another train to Sylvantown.
• The package has just passed through a gateway.
• The package is removed from the train at Sylvantown and delivered by van (the link to
the end node) to your Aunt Margaret’s house.
• We remind you that in simplest and most general terms, the goal of data
communication is to provide a means of reliable and efficient data communication
between two end nodes or hosts.
• The communication takes the form of a message or a group of messages between an
application or service at one end node and a corresponding application or service at a
second end node.
• The message may be discreet or a continuous stream of data.
• It is possible to implement the simplest forms of data communication with nothing
more complicated than a message format that both ends agree on and a means to
access the channel.
• Realistically, this simple approach is inadequate in most real-world situations.
• Suppose that two or more computers are to communicate via a communication
channel.
• What are the requirements for them to communicate successfully?
• As we already noted, they must agree on the signaling methods and the means used to
access the connecting channel, but in addition there is much more.
• Even the format of the message is more complicated than it first appears.
• How long is the message?
• Which part of the message is actual data and which part is overhead information such as
the address of the sender and the address of the recipient?
• How errors to be detected by the receiver and what are will be done about them?
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