KINE 1020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Whole Grain, Endosperm, Vitamin A
8 Nov 2016
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Nutritional requirements: essential nutrients, we do(cid:374)"t (cid:373)ake the(cid:373, ex. Water, macronutrients, some vitamins, some minerals: provide energy help build and maintain body tissues, and help regulate body function. Macronutrients: protein (4 kcal/g, carbohydrate (4 kcal/g, alcohol (7 kcal/g) Lipids (9 kcal/g: most foods contain some of each macronutrient, energy needs are critical and must be in balance with energy expenditure to maintain weight. Types of carbs: simple, glucose, fructose, sucrose etc, complex, starches (grains, legumes, tubers, refined (endosperm, whole grain (bran, germ=fiber) Glycemic index: high glycemic foods raise blood sugar and require more insulin to be released, diabetes, dieting, athletes. Fiber: binds cholesterol, binds water, bulks up and softens feces, relieves constipation, prevents hemorrhoids and diverticulitis. Inorganic (non carbon containing: major (large amounts): sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, Magnesium: trace (small amounts) : iron, cobalt, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, iodine, copper,
