MGMT 1030 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Instruction Set, Stored-Program Computer, Processor Design
6 May 2018
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MGMT 1030 Tutorial 2 Notes – Fundamental Architectural Concepts
Introduction
• The next six introduce the fundamental architectural concepts that define computer
operations and hardware organization.
• We will attempt to convey the basic simplicity and elegance of computer instruction
sets.
• We will expose the inner workings of computer peripherals and show how the various
pieces fit together to create a system.
• For the past sixty plus years, and for the foreseeable future, basic computer architecture
conforms to the general principles established by von Neumann that were introduced
• Introduces the principles of von Neumann architecture using a classic model of the
computer called the Little Man Computer as an example.
• The Little Man Computer introduces the stored program concept, demonstrates the role
of memory
• Describes the essential instructions that make up a computer instruction set
• Explains the simple set of operations that implement an instruction set.
• We also show how the basic instructions of a computer work together to make up a
program.
• We extend the ideas introduced to the operation of a real computer.
• We consider the basic components of a CPU, explain the concept of a bus, and discuss
the operation of memory
• Show how each of these architectural elements fit together to create a computer
system.
• We also show the individual operations that make up the execution of instructions, the
so-called fetch-execute cycle.
• We also discuss the formats for instruction words and present a general classification of
the instruction set.
• We consider the variations that distinguish one CPU architecture from another.
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