PSYC-115 FA5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Little Albert Experiment, Classical Conditioning, Abusive Power And Control
13 Jun 2018
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February 16, 2018 Lecture 9
●Classical Conditioning:Nature of Learning? According to Pavlov
○Conditions: contiguity and information
○Mechanism: stimulus substitution and expectancy
●Now we know that the information we receive predicts the outcome
●Continuation from last class:
○Behavioral analysis-understanding how various factors affect conditioning will be
important to the use of this model in explaining ……
■Acquisition: conditioning increases with increases in the number of
pairings
■Extinction: conditioned response decreases with presentation of CS
without UCS
■Spontaneous recovery: behavior reappears after a rest period
■CS intensity: conditioning increases with increases in CS intensity
■UCS intensity: conditioning increases with increases in UCS intensity
■Temporal relationships: varied
●Simultaneous conditioning- almost never works
●Short delayed conditioning-gives the best conditioning; what
Pavlov used
●Trace conditioning- second best conditioning
●Long delayed conditioning
●Backward conditioning
●Results: SD>TC>SC>SC>LD>B
○Generalization
■Appetitive vs. aversive conditioning
●Appetitive classical conditioning (positive)- the UCS is generally a
stimulus that the animal prefers or finds rewarding, e.g., food,
water, sex, activity
■Aversive classical conditioning(negative)
●The UCS is generally a stimulus that the animal avoids or finds
aversive, e.g., foot shock, air puff, cold water, loud noise; Little
Albert experiment
■Excitatory vs Inhibitory Conditioning
●P(UCS/CS)>0 (excitatory)
●P(UCS/CS)=1 (excitatory)
●Inhibitory: P(UCS/CS[in the absence of CS])>0
○Examples: backward conditioning; explicitly unpaired
●Both effective in establishing conditioning and control….
Document Summary
Now we know that the information we receive predicts the outcome. Behavioral analysis-understanding how various factors affect conditioning will be important to the use of this model in explaining . Acquisition: conditioning increases with increases in the number of pairings. Extinction: conditioned response decreases with presentation of cs without ucs. Spontaneous recovery: behavior reappears after a rest period. Cs intensity: conditioning increases with increases in cs intensity. Ucs intensity: conditioning increases with increases in ucs intensity. Short delayed conditioning-gives the best conditioning; what. Appetitive classical conditioning (positive)- the ucs is generally a stimulus that the animal prefers or finds rewarding, e. g. , food, water, sex, activity. The ucs is generally a stimulus that the animal avoids or finds aversive, e. g. , foot shock, air puff, cold water, loud noise; little. Both effective in establishing conditioning and control . Bechterev (pavlov"s student)- attempted to extend pavlov"s work on conditioned salivation to conditioned leg flexion. Paired bell with footshock to achieve leg flexion.
