PSYC-115 FA5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Ethology, Cervical Cancer, Tobacco Institute
13 Jun 2018
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January 30, 2018- Lecture 5: Methodology: Cautions and Caveats
●Average (means/proportions)
○IQ
○**Averages apply to groups, not individuals
○Oftentimes, averages are given when summarizing data from a
large population
●Psychological Research
○Experimental (exercise and health): cause and effect
○Correlational:
■Naturalistic observations (altruism) (ethology)
■Case reports (ETS and bath salts)
■Surveys/questionnaires
■For all non-experimental research, the work can be longitudinal
(marijuana and memory); for surveys and general info, the work can be
archival
■CAN NOT INFER CAUSE AND EFFECT-slide 36
●Risk factors in drug use
○What risk factors might be associated with drug use in high school students?
■Parental use
■Stress
■Approval
■Perceived danger
■Availability
■Peer use
■Grades
■Parental supervision
■School commitment
○Possibilities include:
■Naturalistic observations
■Case (clinical) reports
■Surveys/questionnaires
**non-college kids use drugs more than college kids; males use more drugs than females; white
use more than hispanics who use more than blacks
●Correlational Analysis
○Assess of relationships among co-occurring events
Document Summary
January 30, 2018- lecture 5: methodology: cautions and caveats. Oftentimes, averages are given when summarizing data from a large population. Experimental (exercise and health): cause and effect. For all non-experimental research, the work can be longitudinal (marijuana and memory); for surveys and general info, the work can be archival. Can not infer cause and effect-slide 36. **non-college kids use drugs more than college kids; males use more drugs than females; white use more than hispanics who use more than blacks. Possibilities: the relationship can vary from -1 to 1. Drug use indirectly correlated with perceived risk. Two factors co-vary: it is not clear which causes which; ex: perception and drug use. Third variable problem (cause and effect): two factors vo-vary; Data from correlational studies often used to generate hypothesis that can be tested by experiments. Assess drug use in mothers delivering at private clinics and public hospitals. Assess physiological, psychological and behavioral effects of offspring of delivering others.
