BIO-1801 Lecture Notes - Lecture 27: Chromosome, Plastid, Mendelian Inheritance

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26 Apr 2017

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3 or more alleles for a given trait. Chapter 17: all or nearly all trains are influenced by many gene - polygenic. This is because multiple genes are involved: was white when homozygous recessive, one gene masks the effect of another. A^dd, b^ll, c^dl ; d= dark l= light the more d alleles added, the darker the persons skin. Dihybrid cross law of independent assortment: alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation same chromosome. Extranuclear inheritance (called maternal inheritance) phenotype depends on the genes in the organelles: maternal inheritance - female determines phenotype. 5 o clock flower: white leave plants and green leave plants, every time they did the cross, the result was always the same as the female phenotypes. Explantation: chloroplasts have chlorophyll (green, pro plastid cell develops into chloroplasts which are only found in the female gametes so if you have a bunch.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

If Plant 1 has a genotype of YY and Plant 2 has a genotype of yy, what is Plant 1's phenotype (the physical appearance of the plants' seeds)?

0.5 points

QUESTION 2

If Plant 1 has a genotype of YY and Plant 2 has a genotype of yy, what is Plant 2's phenotype (the physical appearance of the plants' seeds)?

0.5 points

QUESTION 3

What are the possible genotypes for offspring between Plant 1 and Plant 2?

1 points

QUESTION 4

What are the possible phenotypes for offspring between Plant 1 and Plant 2?

1 points

QUESTION 5

Now, trade one allele between plants such that each is heterozygous for the color trait. Fill in the Punnett Square below, with one plant's allele's in the dark boxes along the top, and the other plant's alleles in the dark boxes along the left.

1.5 points

QUESTION 6

What are the possible genotypes for offspring between Plant 1 and Plant 2?

, ,

0.5 points

QUESTION 7

What percentage of offspring would you expect to have each genotype?

YY %

Yy %

yy %

1 points

QUESTION 8

What are the possible phenotypes for offspring between these two plants?

1 points

QUESTION 9

What percentage of offspring would you expect to have each phenotype?

Yellow %

Green %

1 points

QUESTION 10

Mendel developed his Law of Segregation after observing two generations of crossed pea plants. His first generation plants were homozygous(as were yours). The second generation of crossing happened between two heterozygous plants (as in Question 5).

Imagine that the prevailing hypothesis of the time is that traits from the mother and father tend to blend together in offspring. Why did the results of Mendelâs experiment prompt him to come up with the Law of Segregation instead?

In need of assistance. Please help answer the following.

1) Pure-breeding yellow guinea pigs crossedwith pure-breeding white guinea pigs produce only cream-coloredoffspring. This pattern indicates incomplete dominance. Rough hairis found to be dominant to smooth hair. Give the F1 and F2genotypic and phenotypic ratios of a cross of a smooth white guineapig with a homozygous rough yellow guinea pig.

2) A breeder of cattle has a herd of white cowsand a roan bull. Hair color in this breed is controlled by anincomplete dominant gene. The two homozygous forms are either redor white, and the heterozygous is roan. Answer the followingquestions please

What color calves are expected and in whatproportion?

Outline a procedure to develop an all-redherd.

3) In horses, black coat color is influenced bythe dominant allele (B), and chestnut coat color is influenced bythe recessive allele (b). Trotting gait is due to a dominant gene(T), pacing gait to the recessive allele (t). If a homozygous blacktrotter is crossed with a chestnut pacer:

What will be the appearance of the F1 and F2generations?

Which phenotype will be the most common?

Which genotype will be the most common?

Which of the potential offspring will be certain tobreed true?

4) In garden peas, one pair of alleles controlsthe height of the plant and a second pair of alleles controlsflower color. The allele for tall (D) is dominant to the allele fordwarf (d), and the allele for purple (P) is dominant for the allelefor white (p). A tall purple crossed with a tall purple produces Â¾tall purple and Â¼ tall white. What is the genotype of the parents?

5) Three alleles control the ABO blood types.I^A and I^B are codominant genes, so thecombination of I^AI^B produces the AB bloodtype. The third allele I^ois recessive to the other twoalleles. Indicate which of these parents could produce the givenchild and submit your response to the instructor.

A X AB produce B child.

A X O produce A child.

A X B produce O child.

A X AB produce O child.

A X AB produce B child.

B X B produce O child.

AB X AB produce A child.

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___1. Nationally, the most common cause of Down Syndrome is
a. nondisjunction of Chromosome 21 during meiosis
b. translocation of Chromosome 21 onto another chromosome
c. inversion of a large section of Chromosome 21
d. deletion of the Down Syndrome gene
___2. In humans, sex is determined by
a. The presence or absence of the Y chromosome
b. The ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes
c. The temperature during fetal development
d. Which parent is stronger at the time of conception
___3. A translocation is
a. a chromosomal abnormality in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome
b. an abnormality in which the chromosomes are translocated out of the nucleus
c. a condition in which the chromosome has broken in two places and come back together with the middle segment backward
d. an abnormality in which there is an extra copy of one chromosome
___ 4. In snapdragons, a red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces all pink-flowered offspring. But crossing two pink-flowered plants produces red, pink, and white in a 1:2:1 ratio. This is a good example of
a. Incomplete dominance
b. Dominance of the red allele over the white allele
c. Lethal effects of the pink allele
d. Sex-linkage of the flower-color alleles
___ 5. If a person with type AB blood marries a person with Type O blood, what blood types are possible in their children? (Assume this trait is a single-gene trait, not complicated by interaction with other genes).
a. A, B, AB, or O
b. A or B only
c. AB or O only
d. AB only 2
___6. In what phase of meiosis are haploid nuclei first formed? a. Anaphase I b. Metaphase II c. Telophase II d. Metaphase I e. Telophase I
___7. What is the phenotype of a heterozygous tall pea plant? a. tall b. Tt c. TT d. tt e. dominant
___ 8. If genes A and B are far apart on a chromosome, and A and C are close together, which of the following observations is expected?
a. Crossing over will occur more often between A and C than between A and B
b. Crossing over will occur at equal frequencies between A and C, and between A and B
c. Crossing over will occur more often between A and B than between A and C
___9. Sometimes an organismâs genotype for one gene masks the effect of a different gene. This phenomenon is called
a. Dominance
b. Incomplete dominance
c. Co-dominance
d. Epistasis
e. Variable expressivity
___10. The dominant allele of a gene is
a. The one that is expressed most often in a population
b. The one that is expressed most often in any particular cross
c. The one that is expressed in an individual that has two different alleles
d. The one that is most healthy to have, that gives the greatest fitness
___11. In human cells, DNA replication occurs
a. In S phase of interphase
b. In G1 phase of interphase
c. In G2 phase of interphase
d. In prophase of mitosis
e. Whenever the cell needs to read the DNA to make proteins
___ 12. A process in which recipient cells take up genes from DNA molecules floating free in the surrounding medium is called
a. conjugation
b. specialized transduction
c. generalized transduction
d. transformation 3
___ 13. Most calico cats are female. However, a few rare males are observed. What is the genotype of a male calico cat?
a. X BX 0
b. X OY
c. X BY
d. X BYY
e. X BX OY
___ 14. A type of red-green color-blindness is a sex-linked (X-linked) recessive trait in humans. Can a woman have this type of color-blindness?
a. Yes, a woman could be color-blind if her mother and father were both heterozygous.
b. Yes, a woman could be color-blind but only if she has an abnormal number of sex chromosomes.
c. No, women can't show sex-linked traits because they lack a Y chromosome.
d. No, women can't show sex-linked traits because they have two X chromosomes.
e. Yes, a woman could be color-blind if her father was color-blind and her mother was a carrier (heterozygous).

BIO-1801 Lecture Notes - Lecture 27: Chromosome, Plastid, Mendelian Inheritance

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