GLY-1103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Biotite, Amphibole, Pyroxene
Wednesday, August 26, 2015
Rocks & Minerals
SHAKIRA!
-Minerals
•naturally occurring
•inorganic
•solid
•definite chemical composition
•regular internal crystalline structure (uniform or repeatable)
-Silicates vs. Non-silicates
•silicates are the most common rock-forming minerals
•have si and o in their chemical composition
•examples include quartz, muscovite, feldspars, olivine, pyroxene,amphibole, and
biotite.
• non-silicates
•do not have si and o in composition
•examples include calcite, dolomite, pyrite, hematite, and galena
•approx. 90% of minerals on earth are silicates
-*Bowens Reaction Series (common household rock formers)* (IMPORTANT)
•high temp (mafic)
•olivine
•pyroxene
•dark color plagioclase
•intermediate
•amphibole
•biotite
!1
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Wednesday, August 26, 2015
•light plagioclase
•lower (felsic)
•k feldspar
•muscovite
•quartz
-Mineral identification
•hardness (scratch glass?)
•cleavage (forms from breakage)
•luster (light reflects off surface of rock)
•streak (color of powder of mineral)
•color (physical color)
•reactive with acid (ex. calcite)
•magnetism
•specific gravity
•crystal habit (shape of crystals)
-Crystalline structure
•atoms in a mineral are specifically ordered
•when can cool slow, forms pretty, well designed, large mineral
•when can grow/cool quickly and in a small space you get ugly glass or “schmoots”
-Atomic bonding
•lattice atoms are held in atomic bonds
•bond characteristics govern mineral properties
•5 recognized types of bonds (from strongest to weakest):
•covalent
•ionic
•metallic
!2
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Minerals: naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, de nite chemical composition, regular internal crystalline structure (uniform or repeatable) *bowens reaction series (common household rock formers)* (important: high temp (ma c, olivine, pyroxene, dark color plagioclase, intermediate, amphibole, biotite. Wednesday, august 26, 2015: light plagioclase, lower (felsic, k feldspar, muscovite, quartz. Crystalline structure: atoms in a mineral are speci cally ordered, when can cool slow, forms pretty, well designed, large mineral, when can grow/cool quickly and in a small space you get ugly glass or schmoots . Atomic bonding: lattice atoms are held in atomic bonds, bond characteristics govern mineral properties, 5 recognized types of bonds (from strongest to weakest), covalent, ionic, metallic. Wednesday, august 26, 2015: van der waals, hydrogen. Color: color is diagnostic for very few minerals, however olivine is always green and azurite is always blue, some minerals may exhibit broad color range (ie quartz)
